{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:00:39Z","timestamp":1787029239311,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Santiago de Cali","award":["934-621119-435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["934-621119-435"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Santiago de Cali","award":["934-621119-E31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["934-621119-E31"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Different nematodes affect canines, however Acanthocheilonema reconditum was considered mostly a non-pathogenic parasite. Climate change, animal migration, and other factors transformed the dynamics of vector-borne diseases, including filariasis. Since 2016, a sudden increase in the number of dogs with microfilaremia was reported by different veterinary centers in Cali, southwest Colombia. The objective of this study was to molecularly identify the etiologic agent of this filariasis outbreak detected in this city, using PCR\u2013RFLP and evaluating dogs\u2019 clinical signs. From 2018\u20132019, canine filariasis cases were prospectively evaluated after a microscopic test, recruiting 82 cases and 43 healthy controls from 2971 samples. Acanthocheilonema reconditum (Nematoda, Onchocercidae) was identified in 61.3% of the cases (49\/82) by PCR\u2013RFLP. Sanger sequencing of the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and internal transcribed spacer-2 fragment was additionally performed on seven cases, confirming A. reconditum in all of them. The filariasis cases are statistically associated with male dogs who have clinical signs of anemia, low levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit (p &lt; 0.0001), and high levels of plasma proteins (p &lt; 0.001). This emerging canine disease constitutes an important public health concern among veterinarians and active surveillance is advised to explore its zoonotic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11121434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T01:42:02Z","timestamp":1669686122000},"page":"1434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["First Report of Acanthocheilonema reconditum Outbreak in Canines with Clinical Signs of Anemia from Southwestern Colombia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nathaly","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Santiago de Cali 760035, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Rosero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Santiago de Cali 760035, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Lucia","family":"Villegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Cl\u00ednico Veterinario Zoolavet, Santiago de Cali 760033, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel Cristina","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Cl\u00ednico Veterinario Zoolavet, Santiago de Cali 760033, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7837-3390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania","family":"Gaviria-Cantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Santiago de Cali 760035, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra Pe\u00f1a","family":"Nieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Administrativo de Planeaci\u00f3n Municipal, Santiago de Cali 760045, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz E.","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Santiago de Cali 760031, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1566-5876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa Maria","family":"Nieto Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Santiago de Cali 760035, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00012-12","article-title":"Human and Animal Dirofilariasis: The Emergence of a Zoonotic Mosaic","volume":"25","author":"Mellado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. 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