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Nasal carriage by hospital inpatients is a risk for opportunistic infections. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns, virulence genes and genetic population structure of S. aureus nasal isolates, from inpatients at Busia County Referral Hospital (BCRH) were analyzed. A total of 263 inpatients were randomly sampled, from May to July 2015. The majority of inpatients (85.9%) were treated empirically with antimicrobials, including ceftriaxone (65.8%) and metronidazole (49.8%). Thirty S. aureus isolates were cultured from 29 inpatients with a prevalence of 11% (10.3% methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), 0.8% methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)). Phenotypic and genotypic resistance was highest to penicillin-G (96.8%), trimethoprim (73.3%), and tetracycline (13.3%) with 20% of isolates classified as multidrug resistant. Virulence genes, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1), and sasX gene were detected in 16.7%, 23.3% and 3.3% of isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed 4 predominant clonal complexes CC152, CC8, CC80, and CC508. This study has identified that inpatients of BCRH were carriers of S. aureus harbouring virulence genes and resistance to a range of antibiotics. This may indicate a public health risk to other patients and the community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11121504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T01:51:26Z","timestamp":1670550686000},"page":"1504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients in Busia County Referral Hospital, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Benear Apollo","family":"Obanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kenya"},{"name":"Global One Health Initiative, Office of International Affairs, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Centre for Microbiology Research Nairobi, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6081-8363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A. J.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8931-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric M.","family":"F\u00e8vre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya"},{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilly","family":"Bebora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Ogara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global One Health Initiative, Office of International Affairs, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wondwossen","family":"Gebreyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global One Health Initiative, Office of International Affairs, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Ngetich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microbiology Research Nairobi, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolphine","family":"Wandede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microbiology Research Nairobi, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnstone","family":"Muyodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Control Research, Busia P.O. Box 3-50400, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Blane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Coll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London WC1E 7HT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewan M.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK"},{"name":"Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon J.","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George C.","family":"Gitao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, T.C. (2015). Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus: The United States experience. PLoS Pathog., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004564"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Aila, N.A., Al Laham, N.A., and Ayesh, B.M. (2017). Nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among health care workers at Al Shifa hospital in Gaza Strip. BMC Infect. Dis., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2139-1"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"150","article-title":"Global trend of Methicillin-resistant Staphlococcus aureus and emerging challenges for control","volume":"11","author":"Azeez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr. J. Clin. Exp. 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