{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:48:49Z","timestamp":1788371329007,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz","award":["WF536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WF536"]}]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology","award":["WF536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WF536"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cefiderocol (CFDC) is a novel, broad-spectrum siderophore cephalosporin with potential activity against multi-drug (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Enterobacterales, including carbapenem-resistant strains. We assessed the in vitro susceptibility to CFDC of MDR, and XDR E. coli isolates derived from clinical samples of hospitalized patients. Disk diffusion (DD) and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) test strip (MTS) methods were used. The results were interpreted based on EUCAST (version 12.0 2022) recommendations. Among all E. coli isolates, 98 (94.2%) and 99 (95.2%) were susceptible to CFDC when the DD and MTS methods were used, respectively (MIC range: &lt;0.016\u20134 \u00b5g\/mL, MIC50: 0.19 \u00b5g\/mL, MIC90: 0.75 \u00b5g\/mL). With the DD and MTS methods, all (MIC range: 0.016\u20132 \u00b5g\/mL, MIC50: 0.19 \u00b5g\/mL, MIC90: 0.75 \u00b5g\/mL) but three (96.6%) ESBL-positive isolates were susceptible to CFDC. Out of all the metallo-beta-lactamase-positive E. coli isolates (MIC range: 0.016\u20134 \u00b5g\/mL, MIC50: 0.5 \u00b5g\/mL, MIC90: 1.5 \u00b5g\/mL), 16.7% were resistant to CFDC with the DD method, while 11.1% were resistant to CFDC when the MTS method was used. CFDC is a novel therapeutic option against MDR and XDR E. coli isolates and is promising in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant E. coli strains, also for those carrying Verona integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamases, when new beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitors cannot be used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11121508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T01:42:27Z","timestamp":1670809347000},"page":"1508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cefiderocol against Multi-Drug and Extensively Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli: An In Vitro Study in Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2063-6850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Zalas-Wi\u0119cek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University (NCU) in Toru\u0144, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Division, Dr Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"P\u0142achta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University (NCU) in Toru\u0144, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Gospodarek-Komkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University (NCU) in Toru\u0144, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Division, Dr Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Oliveira, D., Forde, B., Kidd, T., Harris, P., Schembri, M., Beatson, S., Peterson, D., and Walker, M. (2020). Antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE pathogens. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 33.","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00181-19"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.4103\/jms.jms_25_17","article-title":"World Health Organization releases global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research, discovery, and development of new antibiotics","volume":"32","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Soc."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2022, November 25). Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Europe, 2022\u20132020 Data (europa.eu). Available online: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Joint-WHO-ECDC-AMR-report2022.pdf."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30257-2","article-title":"Occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in the European survey of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EuSCAPE): A prospective, multinational study","volume":"17","author":"Grundmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70041-0","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: An emerging public-health concern","volume":"8","author":"Pitout","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-012-9797-9","article-title":"Increased frequency of integrons and \u03b2-lactamase-coding genes among extraintestinal Escherichia coli isolated with a 7-year interval","volume":"103","author":"Mokracka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547020","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.547020","article-title":"Plasmid mediated mcr-1.1 colistin-resistance in clinical extraintestinal Escherichia coli strains isolated in Poland","volume":"12","author":"Majewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.33073\/pjm-2021-021","article-title":"Occurrence of beta-lactamases in colistin-resistant Enterobacterales strains in Poland\u2014A pilot study","volume":"70","author":"Stefaniuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pol. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S565","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz830","article-title":"Treatment options for carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections","volume":"69","author":"Doi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz149","article-title":"ESBLs and resistance to ceftazidime\/avibactam and ceftolozane\/tazobactam combinations in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"74","author":"Nordmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda, M., S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez, J., Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda, L., Becerra-Aparicio, F., Morosini, M.I., Ruiz-Garbajosa, P., and Cant\u00f3n, R. (2021). Emergence of the new KPC-49 variant conferring an ESBL phenotype with resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam in the ST131-H30R1 Escherichia coli high-risk clone. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10010067"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S538","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz826","article-title":"Cefiderocol: Discovery, chemistry, and in vivo profiles of a novel siderophore cephalosporin","volume":"69","author":"Sato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"European Medicine Company (2022, November 25). 2020 Fetcroja. Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/fetcroja#overview-section."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2022, November 25). Compound Summary: Cefiderocol, Available online: https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Cefiderocol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.37201\/req\/s01.07.2022","article-title":"Cefiderocol","volume":"35","author":"Soriano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Quimioter."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01580-4","article-title":"Cefiderocol: A review in serious Gram-negative bacterial infections","volume":"81","author":"Syed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"214","article-title":"Diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli rods","volume":"71","author":"Bogiel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Post. Hig. Med. Do\u015bw."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1809.120355","article-title":"Rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"18","author":"Nordmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4623","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.10.4623-4629.2003","article-title":"Evaluation of the Hodge test and the imipenem-EDTA double-disk synergy test for differentiating metallo-beta-lactamase producing isolates of Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp.","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4083","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01408-08","article-title":"Simple disk-based method for detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-type beta-lactamase by use of a boronic acid compound","volume":"46","author":"Doi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.10.005","article-title":"Rapid emergence and spread of OXA-48-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Belgian hospitals","volume":"39","author":"Glupczynski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12322","article-title":"A disc diffusion assay for detection of class A, B and OXA48 carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae using phenyl boronic acid, dipicolinic acid, and temocillin","volume":"20","author":"Voets","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"(2022, November 25). European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Breakpoint Tables for Interpretation of MICs and Zone Diameters Version 12.0. Available online: https:\/\/www.eucast.org."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: An international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"(2022, November 25). European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Routine and extended internal quality control for MIC determination and disk diffusion as recommended by EUCAST. Version 12.0. Available online: https:\/\/www.eucast.org."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ito, A., Sato, T., Ota, M., Takemura, M., Nishikawa, T., Toba, S., Kohira, N., Miyagawa, S., Ishibashi, N., and Matsumoto, S. (2018). In vitro antibacterial properties of cefiderocol, a novel siderophore cephalosporin, against Gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 62.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01454-17"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4384","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03098-15","article-title":"Stability of novel siderophore cephalosporin s-649266 against clinically relevant carbapenemases","volume":"60","author":"Ishii","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hackel, M.A., Tsuji, M., Yamano, Y., Echols, R., Karlowsky, J.A., and Sahm, D.F. (2017). In vitro activity of the siderophore cephalosporin, cefiderocol, against a recent collection of clinically relevant Gram-negative bacilli from North America and Europe, including carbapenem-nonsusceptible isolates (SIDERO-WT-2014 Study). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 61.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00093-17"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.11.007","article-title":"In vitro activity of cefiderocol, a siderophore cephalosporin, against Gram-negative bacilli isolated by clinical laboratories in North America and Europe in 2015\u20132016: SIDERO-WT-2015","volume":"53","author":"Karlowsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.10.007","article-title":"In vitro activity of cefiderocol, a siderophore cephalosporin, against a recent collection of clinically relevant carbapenem-non-susceptible Gram-negative bacilli, including serine carbapenemase- and metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing isolates (SIDERO-WT-2014 Study)","volume":"53","author":"Kazmierczak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, P.H.P., von Krosigk, M., Roscoe, D.L., Lau, T.T.Y., Yousefi, M., and Bowie, W.R. (2014). Antimicrobial co-resistance patterns of gram-negative bacilli isolated from bloodstream infections: A longitudinal epidemiological study from 2002\u20132011. BMC Infect. Dis., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-393"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0267021","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02670-21","article-title":"Occurrence of high levels of cefiderocol resistance in carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli before its approval in China: A report from China CRE-Network","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.07.009","article-title":"Reduced susceptibility mechanism to cefiderocol, a siderophore cephalosporin, among clinical isolates from a global surveillance programme (SIDERO-WT-2014)","volume":"22","author":"Kohira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab888","article-title":"Progressive development of cefiderocol resistance in Escherichia coli during therapy is associated with an increase in blaNDM-5 copy number and gene expression","volume":"75","author":"Simner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac221","article-title":"Evolution of \u03b2-lactamase-mediated cefiderocol resistance","volume":"77","author":"Tokuriki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morris, C.P., Bergman, Y., Tekle, T., Fissel, J.A., Tamma, P.D., and Simner, P.J. (2020). Cefiderocol antimicrobial susceptibility testing against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli: A comparison of disk diffusion to broth microdilution. J. Clin. Microbiol., 59.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01649-20"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"(2022, November 25). EUCAST Warnings Concerning Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Products or Procedures. Available online: https:\/\/www.eucast.org\/ast-of-bacteria\/warnings."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/12\/1508\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:37:22Z","timestamp":1760146642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/12\/1508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens11121508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens11121508","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]}}}