{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:36:56Z","timestamp":1760233016377,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan city (Hubei province, China) in December 2019, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared an international public health emergency on 11 March 2020 [...]<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11121519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T03:36:09Z","timestamp":1670816169000},"page":"1519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 and Animals: From a Mirror Image to a Storm Warning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0026-8472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Hassan","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6149-0678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Canio","family":"Buonavoglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6862-1792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annamaria","family":"Pratelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A Pneumonia Outbreak Associated with a New Coronavirus of Probable Bat Origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maurin, M., Fenollar, F., Mediannikov, O., Davoust, B., Devaux, C., and Raoult, D. (2021). Current Status of Putative Animal Sources of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Humans: Wildlife, Domestic Animals and Pets. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9040868"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562831","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/562831","article-title":"The Evolutionary Processes of Canine Coronaviruses","volume":"2011","author":"Pratelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Virol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.2478\/jvetres-2020-0050","article-title":"Animal Coronaviruses in the Light of COVID-19","volume":"64","author":"Konopka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02534-2","article-title":"Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to Animals: An Updated Review","volume":"18","author":"Rahimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, S., Liu, Y., Zhao, J., Peng, X., Lu, G., Shi, W., Pan, Y., Zhang, D., Yang, P., and Wang, Q. (2022). An Updated Review on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animals. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14071527"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e646","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00282-2","article-title":"One World, One Health, One Virology of the Mysterious Labyrinth of Coronaviruses: The Canine Coronavirus Affair","volume":"2","author":"Pratelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2021.11.014","article-title":"The Knotty Biology of Canine Coronavirus: A Worrying Model of Coronaviruses\u2019 Danger","volume":"144","author":"Pratelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e218","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30089-6","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 in Fruit Bats, Ferrets, Pigs, and Chickens: An Experimental Transmission Study","volume":"1","author":"Schlottau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb7015","article-title":"Susceptibility of Ferrets, Cats, Dogs, and Other Domesticated Animals to SARS\u2013Coronavirus 2","volume":"368","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2022.07.005","article-title":"COVID-19 in Animals: A Need for One Health Approach","volume":"40","author":"Ramanujam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101922","article-title":"Corona\u2019s New Coat: SARS-CoV-2 in Danish Minks and Implications for Travel Medicine","volume":"38","author":"Larsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Travel. Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe5901","article-title":"Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on Mink Farms between Humans and Mink and Back to Humans","volume":"371","author":"Sikkema","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109017","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Mutations Acquired in Mink Reduce Antibody-Mediated Neutralization","volume":"35","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.03.023","article-title":"Infection and Rapid Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ferrets","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.360","article-title":"Coronaviruses in Wild Birds\u2014A Potential and Suitable Vector for Global Distribution","volume":"7","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamer, S.A., Pauvolid-Corr\u00eaa, A., Zecca, I.B., Davila, E., Auckland, L.D., Roundy, C.M., Tang, W., Torchetti, M., Killian, M.L., and Jenkins-Moore, M. (2020). Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Including Virus Isolation, among Serially Tested Cats and Dogs in Households with Confirmed Human COVID-19 Cases in Texas, USA. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.12.08.416339"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1863132","article-title":"A Household Case Evidences Shorter Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in Naturally Infected Cats Compared to Their Human Owners","volume":"10","author":"Neira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pagani, G., Lai, A., Bergna, A., Rizzo, A., Stranieri, A., Giordano, A., Paltrinieri, S., Lelli, D., Decaro, N., and Rusconi, S. (2021). Human-to-Cat SARS-CoV-2 Transmission: Case Report and Full-Genome Sequencing from an Infected Pet and Its Owner in Northern Italy. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020252"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1216","article-title":"Natural Infection by SARS-CoV-2 in Companion Animals: A Review of Case Reports and Current Evidence of Their Role in the Epidemiology of COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"Kmetiuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab456","article-title":"Novel Canine Coronavirus Isolated from a Hospitalized Patient with Pneumonia in East Malaysia","volume":"74","author":"Vlasova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flores-Alanis, A., Cruz-Rangel, A., Rodr\u00edguez-G\u00f3mez, F., Gonz\u00e1lez, J., Torres-Guerrero, C.A., Delgado, G., Cravioto, A., and Morales-Espinosa, R. (2021). Molecular Epidemiology Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: Mutations and Genetic Diversity One Year after Emerging. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202101.0173.v1"}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/12\/1519\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:39:33Z","timestamp":1760146773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/11\/12\/1519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens11121519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens11121519","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-0817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]}}}