{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:15:27Z","timestamp":1791134127758,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Wroc\u0142aw Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUB.A170.01.037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUB.A170.01.037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Wroc\u0142aw Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUBZ.A170.22.073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.A170.22.073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in critically ill COVID-19 patients. There is currently no generally recognized method of assessing gastrointestinal injury in unconscious or sedated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. I-FABP (intestinal fatty acid binding protein) and citrulline have previously been studied as potential biomarkers of enterocyte damage in various gastrointestinal tract diseases, and changes in the levels of these markers may reflect intestinal wall damage in COVID-19. Patients with critical COVID-19, with diagnosed sepsis, or septic shock requiring ICU treatment were included in the study. Blood samples for citrulline and I-FABP were taken daily from day 1 to 5. I-FABP levels were significantly higher in patients who eventually died from COVID-19 than in survivors, and the optimal I-FABP cut-off point for predicting 28-day mortality was 668.57 pg\/mL (sensitivity 0.739, specificity 0.765). Plasma levels of I-FABP, but not citrulline, were associated with significantly higher mortality and appeared to be a predictor of poor outcome in multivariate logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, I-FABP seems to be an effective prognostic marker in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Assessing mortality risk based on intestinal markers may be helpful in making clinical decisions regarding the management of intestinal injury, imaging diagnostics, and potential surgical interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11121526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T04:00:11Z","timestamp":1670904011000},"page":"1526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (I-FABP) as a Prognostic Marker in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7963-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Tyszko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9866-7684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Lipi\u0144ska-Gediga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4699-4632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Lema\u0144ska-Perek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 48\/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kobyli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8668-1641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waldemar","family":"Gozdzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0541-841X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Adamik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002049","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02049-2020","article-title":"Pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced ARDS: Implications for an ageing population","volume":"56","author":"Acosta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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