{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:41:01Z","timestamp":1785026461953,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Norwegian Polar Institute","award":["244488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["244488"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"the Norwegian Research Council programme \u201cICE-whales\u201d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["244488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["244488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Svalbard white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) population is one of the smallest in the world, making it particularly vulnerable to challenges such as climate change and pathogens. In this study, serum samples from live captured (2001\u20132016) white whales from this region were investigated for influenza A virus (IAV) antibodies (Abs) (n = 27) and RNA (n = 25); morbillivirus (MV) Abs (n = 3) and RNA (n = 25); Brucella spp. Abs; and Toxoplasma gondii Abs (n = 27). IAV Abs were found in a single adult male that was captured in Van Mijenfjorden in 2001, although no IAV RNA was detected. Brucella spp. Abs were found in 59% of the sample group (16\/27). All MV and T.\u00a0gondii results were negative. The results show that Svalbard white whales have been exposed to IAV and Brucella spp., although evidence of disease is lacking. However, dramatic changes in climate and marine ecosystems are taking place in the Arctic, so surveillance of health parameters, including pathogens, is critical for tracking changes in the status of this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12010058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T03:26:11Z","timestamp":1672370771000},"page":"58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pathogen Exposure in White Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Svalbard, Norway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4844-8344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingebj\u00f8rg H.","family":"Nymo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Holtveien 66, N-9016 Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9019 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2556-3948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ursula","family":"Siebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Baechlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig\/Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1187-1069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Postel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva M.","family":"Breines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9019 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Lydersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Polar Institute, Framsenteret, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, N-9296 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kit M.","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Polar Institute, Framsenteret, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, N-9296 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Tryland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9019 Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2480 Koppang, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Global review of the conservation status of Monodontid stocks","volume":"81","author":"Hobbs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. 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