{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T22:44:04Z","timestamp":1768257844036,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ASSOCIATION OF FRIENDS AND SPONSORS OF SWINE MEDICINE","award":["1\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospira is a pathogen involved in fertility problems in pigs. Nevertheless, little information is available on pathogenicity, transmission, tissue tropism, and immune response. The objective of this preliminary study was to induce a diagnostically detectable infection in na\u00efve gilts using Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae to gain the knowledge required for designing a large-scale trial. Eight seronegative fertile gilts were divided into three groups: control (n = 2), challenge (n = 3; 10 mL of 108 leptospires\/mL intravenously), and contact (n = 3). A daily clinical examination and periodic sampling of blood, urine, and vaginal swabs were performed until four weeks after infection when necropsy was undertaken. Seroconversion of infected animals was detected first by a microscopic agglutination test (MAT) between four and seven days after inoculation. No clinical signs were observed except pyrexia. Laboratory data primarily remained within reference intervals. Leptospira were undetectable in all groups by real-time PCR (sera, urine, vaginal swabs, and tissue samples) and bacterial culture (urine and tissue samples). However, histologic evidence for tubulo-interstitial nephritis could be found. Based on the study results and limitations, questions to be solved and approaches to be reconsidered are raised for the conduction of further experimental studies to understand the pathogenesis and the role of Icterohaemorrhagiae in pig health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12010135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T01:31:15Z","timestamp":1673832675000},"page":"135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Leptospira interrogans Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Failed to Establish Distinct Infection in Na\u00efve Gilts: Lessons Learned from a Preliminary Experimental Challenge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Romana","family":"Steinparzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Robert Koch Gasse 17, 2340 Moedling, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Duerlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Friedrich","family":"Schmoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Robert Koch Gasse 17, 2340 Moedling, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adi","family":"Steinrigl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Robert Koch Gasse 17, 2340 Moedling, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5897-5263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Bag\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Robert Koch Gasse 17, 2340 Moedling, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Willixhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Robert Koch Gasse 17, 2340 Moedling, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osaid","family":"Al Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarolta","family":"Tak\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Knecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7647-8786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Renzhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilse","family":"Schwendenwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Platform, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ladinig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4965-2088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Unterweger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-021-02567-9","article-title":"Identification of Leptospira spp. in the animal-environment interface (swine-water) in pig production cycle","volume":"53","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop. 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