{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:23:17Z","timestamp":1788369797490,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"The Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["234364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["234364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"The Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["260686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["260686"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"The Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["234364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["234364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"The Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["260686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["260686"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are a major cause of diarrheal illness in children and travelers in low- and middle-income countries. When volunteers are infected with ETEC strains, as part of experimental infection studies, some do not develop diarrhea. To improve our understanding of how these volunteers are protected, we investigated the association between stool ETEC DNA concentration, as determined by quantitative PCR, and the development and severity of disease in 21 volunteers who had been experimentally infected with ETEC strain TW10722. We found a strong association between maximum stool ETEC DNA concentration and the development of diarrhea: all of the 11 volunteers who did not develop diarrhea had &lt;0.99% TW10722-specific DNA in their stools throughout the follow-up period of up to 9 days, while all of the 10 volunteers who did develop diarrhea had maximum DNA concentrations of \u22650.99%. Most likely, these maximum stool TW10722 DNA concentrations reflect the level of intestinal colonization and the risk of experiencing diarrhea, thereby, seems to be directly dependent on the level of colonization. Thus, the development and availability of vaccines and other prophylactic measures, even if they only partially reduce colonization, could be important in the effort to reduce the burden of ETEC diarrhea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T01:59:43Z","timestamp":1675907983000},"page":"283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Strong Association between Diarrhea and Concentration of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strain TW10722 in Stools of Experimentally Infected Volunteers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Oda Barth","family":"Ved\u00f8y","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Steinsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunniva Todnem","family":"Sakkestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halvor","family":"Sommerfelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Cluster for Global Health, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0430 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1466-2326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kurt","family":"Hanevik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fuac031","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuac031","article-title":"Genomics and pathotypes of the many faces of Escherichia coli","volume":"46","author":"Geurtsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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