{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T17:29:52Z","timestamp":1786555792999,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) has evolved over the last decades as a major problem in carbapenem-resistant gram-negative nosocomial infections, associated with high mortality rates especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recent reports highlight the increasing prevalence of resistance to colistin, a last resort therapeutic option for carbapenem-resistant AB. We retrospectively evaluated the characteristics, treatment regimens and outcomes of twenty patients with pan-drug resistant (PDR) AB primary bacteremia hospitalized in the ICU of the University General Hospital of Patras, during a two-year period (October 2020\u2013September 2022). The 28-day mortality reached 50%. Between survivors and non-survivors, no differences were found regarding age, gender, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). However, non-survivors had higher APACHE II scores and higher prevalence of septic shock and COVID-19 infection. A significantly higher percentage in the survivor group received Fosfomycin as part of the combination regimen. Inclusion of fosfomycin in the combination therapeutic regimen was associated with significantly better survival as compared to non-fosfomycin-containing regimens. In view of the increasing prevalence of PDR-AB infections in ICUs, its associated high rates of mortality and the lack of effective treatment options, the observed survival benefit with fosfomycin inclusion in the therapeutic regimen merits further validation in larger prospective studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T01:59:43Z","timestamp":1675907983000},"page":"286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Efficacy of Fosfomycin-Containing Regimens for Treatment of Bacteremia Due to Pan-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Critically Ill Patients: A Case Series Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6901-3681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stelios F.","family":"Assimakopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1122-4213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilis","family":"Karamouzos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3665-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerasimos","family":"Eleftheriotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Lagadinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Bartzavali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fevronia","family":"Kolonitsiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fotini","family":"Paliogianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fotini","family":"Fligou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markos","family":"Marangos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx322","article-title":"High incidence of pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates collected from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in Greece, Italy and Spain as part of the MagicBullet clinical trial","volume":"72","author":"Nowak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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