{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:27:02Z","timestamp":1790126822025,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]],"date-time":"2023-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Babesiosis is a tick-borne zoonotic disease, which is caused by various species of intracellular Babesia parasite. It is a problem not only for the livestock industry but also for global health. Significant global economic losses, in particular in cattle production, have been observed. Since the current preventive measures against babesiosis are insufficient, there is increasing pressure to develop a vaccine. In this review, we survey the achievements and recent advances in the creation of antibabesiosis vaccine. The scope of this review includes the development of a vaccine against B. microti, B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. orientalis and B. divergens. Here, we present different strategies in their progress and evaluation. Scientists worldwide are still trying to find new targets for a vaccine that would not only reduce symptoms among animals but also prevent the further spread of the disease. Molecular candidates for the production of a vaccine against various Babesia spp. are presented. Our study also describes the current prospects of vaccine evolution for successful Babesia parasites elimination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T02:42:33Z","timestamp":1676256153000},"page":"300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Advances in Babesia Vaccine Development: An Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Jerzak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Gandurski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Tokaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weronika","family":"Stachera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Szuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8890-567X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Dybicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(92)90047-D","article-title":"Investigations of breakdowns in protection provided by living Babesia bovis vaccine","volume":"43","author":"Bock","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet. 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