{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:02:15Z","timestamp":1790751735478,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo Sectorial de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud y Seguridad Social del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (FOSISS-CONACyT)","award":["CONACyT SALUD-2017-1-290201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONACyT SALUD-2017-1-290201"]}]},{"name":"Fondo Sectorial de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud y Seguridad Social del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (FOSISS-CONACyT)","award":["PN2016-3330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN2016-3330"]}]},{"name":"Proyectos de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico para Atender Problemas Nacionales CONACyT","award":["CONACyT SALUD-2017-1-290201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONACyT SALUD-2017-1-290201"]}]},{"name":"Proyectos de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico para Atender Problemas Nacionales CONACyT","award":["PN2016-3330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN2016-3330"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by syphilis, HIV, and syphilis\/HIV coinfection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevents HIV transmission but does not impede the spread or acquisition of syphilis. Information about syphilis\/HIV coinfection among MSM is scarce. We aimed to determine the prevalence of syphilis\/HIV coinfection in a national sample of MSM who attend meeting places (such as movies, clubs, gay bars, saunas, shopping malls, and others referred to by the same MSM participants of the study) in Mexico to evaluate factors associated with syphilis, and to compare the prevalence rates of syphilis between the current survey and DGE data. We performed a laboratory diagnosis to determine the rates of syphilis and HIV among the included MSM. The national and regional prevalence of syphilis was calculated. HIV and coinfection prevalence were determined only for the survey. All prevalence rates included 95%CIs. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. The national prevalence rates of syphilis, HIV, and coinfection were 15.2%, 10.2%, and 5.7%, respectively. The region with the highest prevalence rate was Mexico City (39.4%). The center region, minimal \u201cgoods\u201d (i.e., a minimal number of material possessions such as a car or dryer, etc., which served as a proxy for low economic income level), use of \u201cinhalant drugs\u201d, \u201cHIV infection\u201d, \u201csexual intercourse\u201d only with men, \u201crewarded sex\u201d, and \u201cyoungest age at first sexual encounter or debut\u201d were risk factors for syphilis. In general, regional prevalence of syphilis was higher in the survey (2013) and DGE data from 2019 than in the DGE data from 2013. Similar to other countries, Mexico needs to assess elements around not only syphilis and HIV infections but also syphilis\/HIV coinfection, and preventive measures focusing on MSM are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12030356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T02:07:44Z","timestamp":1676945264000},"page":"356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["High Prevalence of Syphilis and Syphilis\/HIV Coinfection among Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Attend Meeting Places in Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3111-0099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dayana Nict\u00e9","family":"Vergara-Ortega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6696-0846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Tapia-Maltos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (PECEM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6307-0370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia","family":"Herrera-Ort\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santa","family":"Garc\u00eda-Cisneros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5227-7541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Olamendi-Portugal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2383-7930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Alem\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2018.1446828","article-title":"Syphilis incidence in men who have sex with men with human immunodeficiency virus comorbidity and the importance of integrating sexually transmitted infection prevention into HIV care","volume":"16","author":"Refugio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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