{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:27:57Z","timestamp":1790209677639,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":378,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Auburn University Start-up fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a highly successful pathogen that primarily infects epithelial cells of the orofacial mucosa. After initial lytic replication, HSV-1 enters sensory neurons and undergoes lifelong latency in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Reactivation from latency occurs throughout the host\u2019s life and is more common in people with a compromised immune system. HSV-1 causes various diseases depending on the site of lytic HSV-1 replication. These include herpes labialis, herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), meningitis, and herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). HSK is an immunopathological condition and is usually the consequence of HSV-1 reactivation, anterograde transport to the corneal surface, lytic replication in the epithelial cells, and activation of the host\u2019s innate and adaptive immune responses in the cornea. HSV-1 is recognized by cell surface, endosomal, and cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and activates innate immune responses that include interferons (IFNs), chemokine and cytokine production, as well as the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the site of replication. In the cornea, HSV-1 replication promotes type I (IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2) and type III (IFN-\u03bb) IFN production. This review summarizes our current understanding of HSV-1 recognition by PRRs and innate IFN-mediated antiviral immunity during HSV-1 infection of the cornea. We also discuss the immunopathogenesis of HSK, current HSK therapeutics and challenges, proposed experimental approaches, and benefits of promoting local IFN-\u03bb responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12030437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T04:04:00Z","timestamp":1678680240000},"page":"437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Role of Innate Interferon Responses at the Ocular Surface in Herpes Simplex Virus-1-Induced Herpetic Stromal Keratitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5127-1957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayi","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 240B Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9269-3614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferrin","family":"Antony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 240B Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry T.","family":"Rouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5031-5818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amol","family":"Suryawanshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 240B Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2012.01.005","article-title":"Herpes simplex epithelial and stromal keratitis: An epidemiologic update","volume":"57","author":"Farooq","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surv. 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