{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T20:27:38Z","timestamp":1789331258234,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]],"date-time":"2023-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2021CFA016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2021CFA016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013BAD03B01-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013BAD03B01-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Na07-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Na07-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012167","name":"Natioal Science and Technology Infrastructure Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2021CFA016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2021CFA016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012167","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012167","name":"Natioal Science and Technology Infrastructure Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013BAD03B01-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013BAD03B01-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012167","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012167","name":"Natioal Science and Technology Infrastructure Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Na07-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Na07-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012167","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Second National Survey of Terrestrial Wildlife Resources in Ta-pa Montanans","award":["#2021CFA016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2021CFA016"]}]},{"name":"Second National Survey of Terrestrial Wildlife Resources in Ta-pa Montanans","award":["2013BAD03B01-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013BAD03B01-02"]}]},{"name":"Second National Survey of Terrestrial Wildlife Resources in Ta-pa Montanans","award":["Na07-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Na07-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellanae) belong to Class A, the highest level of endangered primate species. Exploring the infection status of potential pathogens in golden snub-nosed monkeys is important for controlling associated diseases and protecting this species. The objective of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence for a number of potential pathogens and the prevalence of fecal adenovirus and rotavirus. A total of 283 fecal samples were collected from 100 golden snub-nosed monkeys in December 2014, June 2015, and January 2016; 26 blood samples were collected from 26 monkeys in June 2014, June 2015, January 2016 and November 2016 at Shennongjia National Reserve in Hubei, China. The infection of 11 potential viral diseases was examined serologically using an Indirect Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA) and Dot Immunobinding Assays (DIA), while the whole blood IFN-\u03b3 in vitro release assay was used to test tuberculosis (TB). In addition, fecal Adenovirus and Rotavirus were detected using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). As a result, the Macacine herpesvirus-1 (MaHV-1), Golden snub-nosed monkey cytomegalovirus (GsmCMV), Simian foamy virus (SFV) and Hepatitis A virus (HAV) were detected with the seroprevalence of 57.7% (95% CI: 36.9, 76.6), 38.5% (95% CI: 20.2, 59.4), 26.9% (95% CI: 11.6, 47.8), and 7.7% (95% CI: 0.0, 84.2), respectively. Two fecal samples tested positive for Adenovirus (ADV) by PCR, with a prevalence of 0.7% (95% CI: 0.2, 2.5), and further, the amplification products were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they belonged to the HADV-G group. However, other pathogens, such as Coxsackievirus (CV), Measles virus (MeV), Rotavirus (RV), Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), Simian type D retroviruses (SRV), Simian-T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1), Simian varicella virus (SVV), Simian virus 40 (SV40) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (TB) were negative in all samples. In addition, a risk factor analysis indicated that the seroprevalence of MaHV-1 infection was significantly associated with old age (\u22654 years). These results have important implications for understanding the health status and conservation of the endangered golden snub-nosed monkey population at Shennongjia Nature Reserve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12030483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T04:05:23Z","timestamp":1679285123000},"page":"483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Epidemiological Survey and Risk Factor Analysis of 14 Potential Pathogens in Golden Snub-Nosed Monkeys at Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3390-0024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingpu","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiankun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6296-6965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1200-5314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"National Professional Laboratory for Animal Tuberculosis (Wuhan) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changmin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanji","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Shennongjia Golden Monkey, Shennongjia Forest District 442411, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Shennongjia Golden Monkey, Shennongjia Forest District 442411, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianpeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Shennongjia 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