{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T23:38:15Z","timestamp":1780702695325,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) stimulates the production of specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG4 antibodies as a hallmark of the Th2 immune response. In this paper, we evaluated the occurrence of atopic diseases in 10-year-old children who were positive for RSV-specific IgG antibodies during infancy. Methods: The prospective follow-up of 72 children included a physical examination, an International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire and the determination of RSV-specific antibodies and total and allergen-specific IgE. Results: Children with asthma had their first wheezing episode at a younger age (\u03c72 8.097, df = 1, p = 0.004). RSV-specific IgG4 levels at year one were positively correlated with atopic dermatitis (AD) (tau_b = 0.211, p = 0.049) and current AD (tau_b = 0.269, p = 0.012); and RSV-specific IgE levels were positively correlated with allergic rhinitis (AR) (tau_b = 0.290, p = 0.012) and current AR (tau_b = 0.260, p = 0.025). Positive RSV-specific IgE at the age of one increased the chances of asthma occurrence by 5.94 (OR = 5.94, 95% CI = 1.05\u201333.64; p = 0.044) and the chances of AR by more than 15 times (OR = 15.03, 95% CI = 2.08\u2013108.72; p = 0.007). A positive family history of atopy increased the chances of asthma occurrence by 5.49 times (OR = 5.49, 95% CI = 1.01\u201330.07; p = 0.049), and a longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding lowered that chance (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.45\u20130.89; p = 0.008). Prenatal smoking increased the chances of AR occurrence by 7.63 times (OR = 7.63, 95% CI = 1.59\u201336.53; p = 0.011). Conclusion: RSV-specific IgE and RSV-specific IgG4 antibodies could be risk markers for the development of atopic diseases in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12040546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T02:32:27Z","timestamp":1680489147000},"page":"546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Specific Antibodies and Atopic Diseases in Children: A 10-Year Follow-Up"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0438-1635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Tesari Crnkovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, General County Hospital Po\u017eega, Osje\u010dka 107, 34000 Po\u017eega, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6017-3355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kre\u0161o","family":"Bendelja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefeller Street 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlado","family":"Drkulec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, General County Hospital Po\u017eega, Osje\u010dka 107, 34000 Po\u017eega, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2908-9048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romana","family":"Gjergja Jura\u0161ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Neuropaediatric Department, Srebrnjak Children\u2019s Hospital, Srebrnjak 100, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5339-861X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirjana","family":"Turkalj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, Srebrnjak Children\u2019s Hospital, Srebrnjak 100, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31818ee0c1","article-title":"Bronchiolitis: Age and previous wheezing episodes are linked to viral etiology and atopic characteristics","volume":"28","author":"Jartti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 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