{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T05:49:39Z","timestamp":1775022579787,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Amino Up, Japan","award":["R01AI127744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI127744"]}]},{"name":"Amino Up, Japan","award":["R01 NS125778"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS125778"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted global public health safety and the economy. Multiple antiviral drugs have been developed, and some have received regulatory approval and\/or authorization. The use of nutraceuticals can be beneficial for preventing and treating COVID-19 complications. AHCC is a standardized, cultured extract of an edible mushroom Lentinula edodes of the Basidiomycete family of fungi that is enriched in acylated \u03b1-1,4-glucans. Here, we evaluated the effects of the oral administration of AHCC on the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in two murine models, K18-hACE2 transgenic mice and immunocompetent BALB\/c mice. Oral administration of AHCC every other day for one week before and one day post SARS-CoV-2 infection in both strains of mice decreased the viral load and attenuated inflammation in the lungs. AHCC treatment also significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2-induced lethality in the K18-hACE2 mice. AHCC administration enhanced the expansion of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in the spleen and lungs before and after viral infection and promoted T helper 1-prone mucosal and systemic T cell responses in both models. In AHCC-fed BALB\/c mice, SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG responses were also enhanced. In summary, AHCC supplementation enhances host resistance against mild and severe COVID-19 infection primarily via the promotion of innate and adaptive T cell immune responses in mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12040554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T04:45:33Z","timestamp":1680497133000},"page":"554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Oral Supplementation with AHCC\u00ae, a Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes Mycelia, Enhances Host Resistance against SARS-CoV-2 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ankita","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Awadalkareem","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bi-Hung","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuping","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5553-1616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-Yong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7616-7550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohei","family":"Homma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Division, Amino Up Co., Ltd., Sapporo 004-0839, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02880-z","article-title":"COVID-19 Pneumonia: Ards or Not?","volume":"24","author":"Gattinoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. 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