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Only limited information exists on how bunyaviruses, such as Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), are sensed by mosquito immunity or escape detection. RVFV is a zoonotic phlebovirus (Bunyavirales; Phenuiviridae) of veterinary and human public health and economic importance. We have shown that the infection of mosquitoes with RVFV triggers the activation of RNA interference pathways, which moderately restrict viral replication. Here, we aimed to better understand the interactions between RVFV and other vector immune signaling pathways that might influence RVFV replication and transmission. For this, we used the immunocompetent Aedes aegypti Aag2 cell line as a model. We found that bacteria-induced immune responses restricted RVFV replication. However, virus infection alone did not alter the gene expression levels of immune effectors. Instead, it resulted in the marked enhancement of immune responses to subsequent bacterial stimulation. The gene expression levels of several mosquito immune pattern recognition receptors were altered by RVFV infection, which may contribute to this immune priming. Our findings imply that there is a complex interplay between RVFV and mosquito immunity that could be targeted in disease prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12040563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T05:54:39Z","timestamp":1680760479000},"page":"563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Rift Valley Fever Virus Primes Immune Responses in Aedes aegypti Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Laureti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-Xue","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5762-970X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelia","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Claverton Down, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Aladar","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria Elena","family":"Sy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Kohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6300-109X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK"},{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18639","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1216736109","article-title":"Making connections in insect innate immunity","volume":"109","author":"Kingsolver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. 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