{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:24:15Z","timestamp":1792020255424,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences","award":["11511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11511"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several prolonged and significant outbreaks of dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton indotineae, a new emerging terbinafine-resistant species, have been ongoing in India in recent years, and have since spread to various countries outside Asia. Miltefosine, an alkylphosphocholine, is the most recently approved drug for the treatment of both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Miltefosine in vitro activity against terbinafine-resistant and susceptible T. mentagrophytes\/T. interdigitale species complex, including T. indotineae, is limited. The current study aimed to assess miltefosine\u2019s in vitro activity against dermatophyte isolates, which are the most common causes of dermatophytosis. Miltefosine, terbinafine, butenafine, tolnaftate, and itraconazole susceptibility testing was performed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution methods (CLSI M38-A3) against 40 terbinafine-resistant T. indotineae isolates and 40 terbinafine-susceptible T. mentagrophytes\/T. interdigitale species complex isolates. Miltefosine had MIC ranges of 0.063\u20130.5 \u00b5g\/mL and 0.125\u20130.25 \u00b5g\/mL against both terbinafine-resistant and susceptible isolates. In terbinafine-resistant isolates, the MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.125 \u00b5g\/mL and 0.25 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively, and 0.25 \u00b5g\/mL in susceptible isolates. Miltefosine had statistically significant differences in MIC results when compared to other antifungal agents (p-value 0.05) in terbinafine-resistant strains. Accordingly, the findings suggest that miltefosine has a potential activity for treating infections caused by terbinafine-resistant T. indotineae. However, further studies are needed to determine how well this in vitro activity translates into in vivo efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12040606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T05:51:41Z","timestamp":1681710701000},"page":"606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Potential Inhibitory Effect of Miltefosine against Terbinafine-Resistant Trichophyton indotineae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9723-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Haghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javad","family":"Akhtari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Yahyazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4297-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amirreza","family":"Espahbodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firoozeh","family":"Kermani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9336-2518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javad","family":"Javidnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6415-4648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Taghi","family":"Hedayati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3094-8436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahereh","family":"Shokohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6010-8414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid","family":"Badali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249-0600, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3119-8342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Rezaei-Matehkolaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Reza","family":"Aghili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al-Rawahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0815-5942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al-Harrasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0016-2849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Abastabar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research 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