{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T03:32:50Z","timestamp":1779939170542,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ISCIII\u2014Instituto de Salud Carlos III, FIS (Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2014Spanish Health Research Fund)","award":["PI21CIII\/00019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21CIII\/00019"]}]},{"name":"ISCIII\u2014Instituto de Salud Carlos III, FIS (Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2014Spanish Health Research Fund)","award":["PI18CIII\/00009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18CIII\/00009"]}]},{"name":"ISCIII\u2014Instituto de Salud Carlos III, FIS (Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2014Spanish Health Research Fund)","award":["FI19\/00067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI19\/00067"]}]},{"name":"ISCIII\u2014Instituto de Salud Carlos III, FIS (Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2014Spanish Health Research Fund)","award":["PI18\/00167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00167"]}]},{"name":"ISCIII\u2014Instituto de Salud Carlos III, FIS (Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2014Spanish Health Research Fund)","award":["PI21\/00896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00896"]}]},{"name":"ISCIII\u2014Instituto de Salud Carlos III, FIS (Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2014Spanish Health Research Fund)","award":["PI21\/00377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00377"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) in very low birthweight infants can be associated with high rates of morbidity. The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a strong impact on viral circulation. The purpose of this study is to report on VRIs during NICU admission in infants below 32 weeks\u2019 gestation and compare data collected between the pre-and post-COVID-19 pandemic periods. A prospective surveillance study was conducted at a tertiary NICU between April 2016 and June 2022. The COVID-19 post-pandemic period was established as being from March 2020 onwards. Respiratory virus detection was performed by real-time multiplex PCR assays in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs). A total of 366 infants were enrolled. There were no statistical differences between periods regarding infants\u2019 birth weight, gestational age, gender distribution, or rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Among the 1589 NPA collected during the pre-COVID-19 period, 8.9% were positive, and among the 1147 NPA collected during the post-pandemic period, only 3% were positive (p &lt; 0.005). The type of viruses detected did not differ according to the study period (pre-COVID19 vs. post-COVID-19): rhinovirus (49.5% vs. 37.5%), adenovirus (22.6% vs. 25%), and human coronavirus (12.9% vs. 16.7%). SARS-CoV-2 was only detected in one patient. In conclusion, the viral profile causing VRI during the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 era was similar. However, the total number of VRI dropped significantly, most probably due to the global increase in infection prevention measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12050644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T02:50:00Z","timestamp":1682563800000},"page":"644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Surveillance of Viral Respiratory Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit\u2014Evolution in the Last 5 Years"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8432-0703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanca","family":"Bravo-Queipo-de-Llano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ Foundation), 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"S\u00e1nchez Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ Foundation), 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1840-1198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Viruses and Influenza Unit, National Centre of Microbiology, 28222 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1828-733X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Pozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Viruses and Influenza Unit, National Centre of Microbiology, 28222 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leticia","family":"La Banda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ Foundation), 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1233-1723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Alcolea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ Foundation), 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Atucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ Foundation), 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4835-8306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ Foundation), 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelina","family":"Pellicer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ Foundation), 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6503-3423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ Foundation), 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Traslational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000661","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2020-000661","article-title":"Viral respiratory infections in very low birthweight infants at neonatal intensive care unit: Prospective observational study","volume":"4","author":"Calvo","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr. 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