{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:58:11Z","timestamp":1790668691971,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Foundation for Universities at Anhui","award":["KJ2019A0264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJ2019A0264"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular protozoan in the family Apicomplexa. It infects almost one-third of the world\u2019s population and causes toxoplasmosis, a prevalent disease. The parasite\u2019s egress from infected cells is a key step in the pathology caused by T. gondii. Moreover, T. gondii\u2019s continuous infection relies heavily on its capacity to migrate from one cell to another. Many pathways are involved in T. gondii egress. Individual routes may be modified to respond to various environmental stimuli, and many paths can converge. Regardless of the stimuli, the relevance of Ca2+ as a second messenger in transducing these signals, and the convergence of various signaling pathways in the control of motility and, ultimately, egress, is well recognized. This review attempts to outline intra- and extra-parasitic regulators that mediate T. gondii egress, and provides insight into potential clinical interventions and research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12050679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T02:56:51Z","timestamp":1683255411000},"page":"679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Egress Regulatory Factors: How Toxoplasma Exits from Infected Cells?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yujie","family":"Diao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0389-1980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"El-Ashram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maohong","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.7589\/2015-07-176","article-title":"Effect of Different Ecosystems and Management Practices on Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum Infections in Wild Ruminants in Spain","volume":"52","author":"Rubio","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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