{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:18:33Z","timestamp":1784301513017,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Impaired renal functions have been reported with Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections, especially with genotypes 3 and 4. These complications were reported during the acute and chronic phases of infection. HEV genotype 1 causes acute infection, and the effect of HEV-1 infections on renal functions is not known. We examined the kidney function parameters in the serum of HEV-1 patients (AHE, n = 31) during the acute phase of infection. All of the included patients developed an acute self-limiting course of infection, without progression to fulminant hepatic failure. We compared the demographic, laboratory, and clinical data between AHE patients with normal kidney function parameters and those with abnormal renal parameters. Out of 31 AHE patients, 5 (16%) had abnormal kidney function tests (KFTs) during the acute phase of infection. Three patients had abnormal serum urea and creatinine, and two patients had either abnormal urea or creatinine. Four out of five patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60 mL\/min\/1.73 m2. AHE patients with abnormal KFTs were older and had a lower level of albumin, but a slightly elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) compared to AHE patients with normal KFTs. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, sex, liver transaminase levels, and the viral load. Similarly, the clinical presentations were comparable in both groups. Interestingly, these KFTs in patients with abnormal renal parameters returned to normal levels at the recovery. The serum creatinine level was not correlated with patients\u2019 age or liver transaminase levels, but it was significantly negatively correlated with albumin level. In conclusion, this study is the first report that evaluated KFTs in patients during the acute phase of HEV-1 infections. Impaired KFTs in some AHE patients resolved at convalescence. KFTs and renal complications should be monitored during HEV-1 infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12050687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T01:34:26Z","timestamp":1683596066000},"page":"687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["First Report on Abnormal Renal Function in Acute Hepatitis E Genotype 1 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8724-9906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal A.","family":"Elkhawaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1943-8419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"El-Mokhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal A.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael Esmat","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University Assuit Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa Safwat","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayat M.","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4605-2976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Atef","family":"Mesalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nermien H. S.","family":"Mousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Ashmawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4149-9991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Essam M.","family":"Abdel Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8207-6401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim M.","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0627-3985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haidi Karam-Allah","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0654-3415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmine Samy","family":"Elkholy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001778","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001778","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hepeviridae 2022","volume":"103","author":"Purdy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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