{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:08:15Z","timestamp":1788242895582,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) Program","award":["778298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["778298"]}]},{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions, Horizon 2020 EU","award":["778298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["778298"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leishmania infantum is endemic in Morocco, and it causes both visceral (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). In this study, the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach was used to investigate the phylogeny and population structure of Leishmania infantum strains isolated from CL and VL patients and the canine reservoir in different leishmaniasis endemic foci in Morocco. For this purpose, eight loci (pgm, alat, me, fh, g6pd, pgd, gpi and cytb) were amplified in 40 samples, out of which 31 were successfully sequenced. The genetic diversity analysis detected a high degree of intraspecific genetic variability among the studied strains. The phylogenetic and the haplotype analyses showed that most of the strains from the same geographical areas clustered together. The recombination among Leishmania infantum strains was revealed through a splits tree analysis and the number of recombination events. Moreover, the assessment of the gene flow between Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica through phylogenetic analysis and haplotype diversity in two endemic foci where the two species were sympatric showed no genetic exchange between the two species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12060785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T02:39:47Z","timestamp":1685587187000},"page":"785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Leishmania infantum in Morocco as Revealed by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"El Mazini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector-Borne-Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fes 30000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2586-3166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mourad","family":"Barhoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (MEEP)\/ LR16IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, B.P. 74, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idris","family":"Mhaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector-Borne-Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Othmane","family":"Daoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector-Borne-Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mouad Ait","family":"Kbaich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector-Borne-Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"El Kacem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector-Borne-Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imane","family":"El idrissi Saik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector-Borne-Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Research Team on Immunopathology of Infectious and Systemic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 21100, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6718-9843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myriam","family":"Riyad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Research Team on Immunopathology of Infectious and Systemic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 21100, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadija","family":"Bekhti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fes 30000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2763-8963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikram","family":"Guizani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (MEEP)\/ LR16IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, B.P. 74, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9923-9219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meryem","family":"Lemrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector-Borne-Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00136-3","article-title":"The leishmaniases as emerging and reemerging zoonoses","volume":"30","author":"Ashford","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. 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