{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T18:04:17Z","timestamp":1792260257978,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Opisthorchiasis due to Opisthorchis viverrini infection continues to be a significant public healthcare concern in various subregions of Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam. The main mode of transmission is via consumption of raw or undercooked fish, which is deeply embedded in the culture and tradition of the people living near the Mekong River. After ingestion, the flukes migrate to the bile ducts, potentially causing many hepatobiliary complications, including cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, advanced periductal fibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma. Several mechanisms of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinogenesis have been proposed and elucidated in the past decade, providing insight and potential drug targets to prevent the development of the sinister complication. The gold standard for diagnosing opisthorchiasis is still via stool microscopy, but the advent of novel serological, antigen, and molecular tests shows promise as more convenient, alternative diagnostic methods. The mainstay of treatment of opisthorchiasis is praziquantel, while treatment of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma depends on its anatomic subtype and resectability. Thus far, the most successful fluke control programme is the Lawa model based in Thailand, which raised awareness, incorporated education, and frequent surveillance of intermediate hosts to reduce transmission of opisthorchiasis. Development of vaccines using tetraspanins shows promise and is currently ongoing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12060795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T08:50:31Z","timestamp":1685695831000},"page":"795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Opisthorchis viverrini\u2014Current Understanding of the Neglected Hepatobiliary Parasite"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0623-2477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias Yi Quan","family":"Liau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"En Qi","family":"Toh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3988-8142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishalkumar Girishchandra","family":"Shelat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore"},{"name":"Surgical Science Training Centre, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2003.05.001","article-title":"Taxonomy and biology of liver flukes","volume":"88","author":"Kaewkes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.08.011","article-title":"Opisthorchis viverrini: An underestimated parasite in world health","volume":"24","author":"Andrews","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis528","article-title":"Severe morbidity due to Opisthorchis viverrini and Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic","volume":"55","author":"Sayasone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. 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