{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T15:56:00Z","timestamp":1764172560199,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"EU grants FLUNIVAC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602604","874650","TTU01.901","TTU01.802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602604","874650","TTU01.901","TTU01.802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"EC H2020 ENDFLU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602604","874650","TTU01.901","TTU01.802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602604","874650","TTU01.901","TTU01.802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research","award":["602604","874650","TTU01.901","TTU01.802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602604","874650","TTU01.901","TTU01.802"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza, a respiratory disease mainly caused by influenza A and B, viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae, is still a burden on our society\u2019s health and economic system. Influenza A viruses (IAV) circulate in mammalian and avian populations, causing seasonal outbreaks with high numbers of cases. Due to the high variability in seasonal IAV triggered by antigenic drift, annual vaccination is necessary, highlighting the need for a more broadly protective vaccine against IAV. The safety tested Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is licensed as a third-generation vaccine against smallpox and serves as a potent vector system for the development of new candidate vaccines against different pathogens. Here, we generated and characterized recombinant MVA candidate vaccines that deliver the highly conserved internal nucleoprotein (NP) of IAV under the transcriptional control of five newly designed chimeric poxviral promoters to further increase the immunogenic properties of the recombinant viruses (MVA-NP). Infections of avian cell cultures with the recombinant MVA-NPs demonstrated efficient synthesis of the IAV-NP which was expressed under the control of the five new promoters. Prime-boost or single shot immunizations in C57BL\/6 mice readily induced circulating serum antibodies\u2019 binding to recombinant IAV-NP and the robust activation of IAV-NP-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Moreover, the MVA-NP candidate vaccines protected C57BL\/6 mice against lethal respiratory infection with mouse-adapted IAV (A\/Puerto Rico\/8\/1934\/H1N1). Thus, further studies are warranted to evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of these recombinant MVA-NP vaccines in other IAV challenge models in more detail.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12070867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T05:39:13Z","timestamp":1687757953000},"page":"867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Newly Designed Poxviral Promoters to Improve Immunogenicity and Efficacy of MVA-NP Candidate Vaccines against Lethal Influenza Virus Infection in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7014-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin C.","family":"Langenmayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna-Theresa","family":"Luelf-Averhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Marr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum N\u00fcrnberg, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Jany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Freudenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Adam-Neumair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6066-8246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Tscherne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1149-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Fux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3705-6767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan J.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona\u2014Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Blutke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Veterinary Pathology, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6143-082X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerd","family":"Sutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asisa","family":"Volz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00317","article-title":"Influenza Vaccination: Effectiveness, Indications and Limits in the Pediatric Population","volume":"7","author":"Mameli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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