{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:05:00Z","timestamp":1787843100279,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Directorate of Research Development and Innovation of the Walter Sisulu University (WSU)","award":["GUN:118949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GUN:118949"]}]},{"name":"NRF incentive fund","award":["GUN:118949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GUN:118949"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chemical acaricides are widely used to control ticks and tick-borne pathogens in cattle. However, prolonged and indiscriminate use of these chemicals inevitably leads to the selection of resistant ticks. In-vitro bioassays (adult and larval immersion tests) were conducted to assess amitraz and deltamethrin resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus populations from communal farms of the King Sabata Dalindyebo municipality of South Africa. Data generated on percentage inhibition of oviposition (%IO) revealed that all the tick populations assessed showed resistance (%IO \u2264 95%) to at least one of the acaricides. All six tick populations assessed for efficacy (%IO \u2265 95%) at the DD) with deltamethrin were resistant (%IO \u2264 95%) and only one of the six tick populations assessed for efficacy with amitraz was susceptible. Based on the resistance ratios (RR), the adult immersion test detected amitraz and deltamethrin resistance in three (RR ranging from 2.30 to 3.21) and five (RR ranging from 4.10 to 14.59) of the six tick populations, respectively. With the larval immersion test, deltamethrin and amitraz resistance (larval mortality &lt; 90% at the DD) was detected in all four and three of four R. (B.) microplus populations assessed, respectively. These data are critical for the design of an effective and sustainable tick control strategy on the communal farms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12070875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T02:19:20Z","timestamp":1687832360000},"page":"875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Acaricide Resistance Development in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Populations against Amitraz and Deltamethrin on Communal Farms of the King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"William Diymba","family":"Dzemo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa"},{"name":"Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Vudriko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control, Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsepo","family":"Ramatla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0700-4787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oriel","family":"Thekisoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v78i1.320","article-title":"Ticks on pastures and on two breeds of cattle in the East-ern Cape province, South Africa","volume":"78","author":"Nyangiwe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. 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