{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:22:29Z","timestamp":1791901349563,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","award":["81203596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81203596"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","award":["01KA1618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KA1618"]}]},{"name":"CYSTINET-Africa consortium under CYTINET-Africa SUA project","award":["81203596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81203596"]}]},{"name":"CYSTINET-Africa consortium under CYTINET-Africa SUA project","award":["01KA1618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KA1618"]}]},{"name":"CYSTINET-Africa TUM I project","award":["81203596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81203596"]}]},{"name":"CYSTINET-Africa TUM I project","award":["01KA1618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KA1618"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Poor knowledge of human T. solium taeniasis\/cysticercosis and insufficient sanitary and hygienic practices have been associated with the persistence of human T. solium infections in endemic areas. Community health education intervention measures were implemented in 42 villages of Kongwa and Songwe Districts to increase knowledge, improve good practices against infection and reduce incidences of human cysticercosis transmission using a health education package. The health education package comprised of leaflet, poster and a booklet The 42 villages were allocated into intervention group and control group, and each group consisted of 21 villages. Baseline and post-intervention information on social demography, knowledge, safe practices and incidences of human cysticercosis was collected from both village groups. The impact of the intervention was evaluated by comparing changes in knowledge, preventive practices related to human T. solium infections and the cumulative incidence of human cysticercosis between intervention and control villages. There was no significant difference in mean knowledge scores and preventive practice mean scores between the control and intervention groups at baseline. However, there were significantly higher knowledge mean scores in the intervention group compared to the control group at one year post-intervention (2.06 \u00b1 1.45 vs. 0.94 \u00b1 1.18, p &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean practice scores between the intervention and the control group at one year post-intervention (2.49 \u00b1 1.13 vs. 2.40 \u00b1 1.13, p = 0.31). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of human T. solium cysticercosis between the intervention and the control group at the baseline (1.4% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.97) by Ag-Elisa, and at one year post-intervention the cumulative incidence of human cysticercosis was 1.9 and 1.2 per cent in the control and intervention group, respectively. There was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of human cysticercosis between the intervention and the control group at one year post-intervention (p &gt; 0.05). Community health-education intervention is effective at improving the knowledge of human T. solium infections. The improvement in preventive practices and reduction in incidences of human cysticercosis are a gradual process, they may require sanitary and hygienic improvement and more time after the intervention to see improved changes. The study recommends a sustainable public health education on T. solium infections using the health education package through one health approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12070955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T21:22:58Z","timestamp":1689801778000},"page":"955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Community Health-Education Intervention Trial against Human Taenia solium Taeniasis\/Cysticercosis in Central and Southern Zones of Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"George","family":"Makingi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro P.O. Box 3021, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Ngowi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 3436, Tanzania"},{"name":"Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Mbeya P.O. Box 608, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernatus","family":"Mkupasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro P.O. Box 3021, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro P.O. Box 3021, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Sylvia","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jahashi","family":"Nzalawahe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro P.O. Box 3021, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Ngowi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro P.O. Box 3021, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2018, September 06). Preventable Epilepsy: Taenia solium Infection Burdens Economies, Societies and Individuals, Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/204716."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Craig, P., and Paw\u0142owski, Z. (2002). Cestode Zoonoses: Echinococcosis and Cysticercosis: An Emergent and Global Problem, IOS Press."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"194","article-title":"Taenia solium Taeniasis and Cysticercosis in a Mexican Village","volume":"39","author":"Schantz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trop. Med. 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