{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:13:57Z","timestamp":1792196037662,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]],"date-time":"2023-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service through a Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement","award":["NACA #58-8042-8-062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NACA #58-8042-8-062"]}]},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Zoology at the University of Massachusetts","award":["NACA #58-8042-8-062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NACA #58-8042-8-062"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, has a highly reduced genome and relies heavily on glycolysis for carbon metabolism. As such, established inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated in cultures to determine the extent of their impacts on B. burgdorferi growth. Both racemic and enantiopure (AT-101) gossypol, as well as oxamate, galloflavin, and stiripentol, caused the dose-dependent suppression of B. burgdorferi growth in vitro. Racemic gossypol and AT-101 were shown to fully inhibit spirochetal growth at concentrations of 70.5 and 187.5 \u03bcM, respectively. Differences between racemic gossypol and AT-101 efficacy may indicate that the dextrorotatory enantiomer of gossypol is a more effective inhibitor of B. burgdorferi growth than the levorotatory enantiomer. As a whole, LDH inhibition appears to be a promising mechanism for suppressing Borrelia growth, particularly with bulky LDH inhibitors like gossypol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12070962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T03:17:27Z","timestamp":1690168647000},"page":"962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors Suppress Borrelia\u00a0burgdorferi Growth In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Adam","family":"Lynch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey N.","family":"Savinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8346-5780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew Y.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Insect Biocontrol & Behavior Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7175-6380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Rich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy510","article-title":"Insights from the Geographic Spread of the Lyme Disease Epidemic","volume":"68","author":"Eddens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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