{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:54:44Z","timestamp":1790052884320,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]],"date-time":"2023-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kowa Company Ltd.","award":["R01HL126901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL126901"]}]},{"name":"Kowa Company Ltd.","award":["R01HL149302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL149302"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01HL126901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL126901"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01HL149302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL149302"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aberrant adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADP)-ribosylation of proteins and nucleic acids is associated with multiple disease processes such as infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)\/ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART) family members promote mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation. Although evidence has linked PARPs\/ARTs and macrophages in the context of chronic inflammation, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This review provides an overview of literature focusing on the roles of PARP1\/ARTD1, PARP7\/ARTD14, PARP9\/ARTD9, and PARP14\/ARTD8 in macrophages. PARPs\/ARTs regulate changes in macrophages during chronic inflammatory processes not only via catalytic modifications but also via non-catalytic mechanisms. Untangling complex mechanisms, by which PARPs\/ARTs modulate macrophage phenotype, and providing molecular bases for the development of new therapeutics require the development and implementation of innovative technologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12070964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T03:17:27Z","timestamp":1690168647000},"page":"964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["PARPs and ADP-Ribosylation in Chronic Inflammation: A Focus on Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2226-2816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego V.","family":"Santinelli-Pestana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Aikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasha A.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Aikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.334433.119","article-title":"PARPs and ADP-ribosylation in RNA biology: From RNA expression and processing to protein translation and proteostasis","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes. 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