{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:18:32Z","timestamp":1762273112975,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Arauc\u00e1ria","award":["31675","305597","309633","309260","307894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31675","305597","309633","309260","307894"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["31675","305597","309633","309260","307894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31675","305597","309633","309260","307894"]}]},{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Ensino Superior e T\u00e9cnico Profissional de Mo\u00e7ambique","award":["31675","305597","309633","309260","307894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31675","305597","309633","309260","307894"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical disease prevalent in Latin America. Infected patients are treated to eliminate the parasite, reduce the cardiomyopathy risk, and interrupt the disease transmission cycle. The World Health Organization recognizes benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox as effective drugs for CD treatment. In the chronic phase, both drugs have low cure rates and serious side effects. T. cruzi infection causes intense tissue inflammation that controls parasite proliferation and CD evolution. Compounds that liberate nitric oxide (NO) (NO donors) have been used as anti-T. cruzi therapeutics. Currently, there is no evidence that nitroxyl (HNO) affects T. cruzi infection outcomes. This study investigated the effects of the HNO donor Angeli\u2019s salt (AS) on C57BL\/6 mice infected with T. cruzi (Y strain, 5 \u00d7 103 trypomastigotes, intraperitoneally). AS reduced the number of parasites in the bloodstream and heart nests and increased the protective antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes in infected animals, reducing disease severity. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that AS treatment reduced parasite uptake and trypomastigote release by macrophages. Taken together, these findings from the murine model and in vitro testing suggest that AS could be a promising therapy for CD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12081063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T01:33:11Z","timestamp":1692581591000},"page":"1063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Therapeutic Potential of Angeli\u2019s Salt in Mitigating Acute Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Vera L\u00facia","family":"Hideko Tatakihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aparecida Donizette","family":"Malvezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3963-2019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rito Santo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4690-1344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Fernando Cruz","family":"Lucchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Fisiologia e Fisiopatologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Fisiol\u00f3gicas, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Universit\u00e1rio do Vale do Araguaia, Barra do Gar\u00e7as 78603-209, Mato Grosso, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas Felipe","family":"Dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rubens","family":"Cecchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Fisiopatologia e Radicais Livres, Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2241-8814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy Megumi","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1183-146X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sueli Fumie","family":"Yamada-Ogatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrina M.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2756-9283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waldiceu A.","family":"Verri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Dor, Inflama\u00e7\u00e3o, Neuropatia e C\u00e2ncer, Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marli Cardoso","family":"Martins-Pinge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Universit\u00e1rio do Vale do Araguaia, Barra do Gar\u00e7as 78603-209, Mato Grosso, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1500-3998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phileno","family":"Pinge-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2023, June 15). 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