{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:55:37Z","timestamp":1790769337255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mpox caused a worldwide outbreak in 2022, disproportionately affecting MSM reporting high-risk sexual behaviors. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of people receiving MVA-BN vaccination with those of individuals diagnosed with mpox to guide future vaccination policies. This was a retrospective study on people with mpox infection or vaccination at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, from May to November 2022. Characteristics were compared using Mann\u2013Whitney or chi-square\/Fisher\u2019s exact tests; multivariable logistic regression and classification tree analysis were applied. Overall, 473 vaccinated individuals and 135 with mpox were included; 472\/473 and 134\/135 were MSM. People with mpox were more frequently living with HIV (48.9% vs. 22.4%, p &lt; 0.001), had \u22651 previous STI (75.6% vs. 35.7%, p &lt; 0.001), were chemsex users (37.8% vs. 6.34%, p &lt; 0.001), were with a higher number of partners (23.0% vs. 1.69%, p &lt; 0.001), and had engaged in group sex (55.6% vs. 24.1%, p &lt; 0.001). At multivariable analysis, PLWH (aOR = 2.86, 95%CI = 1.59\u20135.19, p &lt; 0.001), chemsex users (aOR = 2.96, 95%CI = 1.52\u20135.79, p = 0.001), those with previous syphilis (aOR = 4.11, 95%CI = 2.22\u20137.72, p &lt; 0.001), and those with &gt;10 partners (aOR = 11.56, 95%CI = 6.60\u201321.09, p &lt; 0.001) had a higher risk of infection. This study underscores the importance of prioritizing MSM with prior STIs and multiple partners as well as chemsex users in vaccination policies to curb mpox spread. A destigmatized assessment of sexual history is vital for comprehensive sexual health strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12091079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T10:06:48Z","timestamp":1692871608000},"page":"1079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mpox Outbreak 2022: A Comparative Analysis of the Characteristics of Individuals Receiving MVA-BN Vaccination and People Diagnosed with Mpox Infection in Milan, Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Flavia","family":"Passini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7811-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo Roberto","family":"Raccagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Diotallevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2447-6498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Lolatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Bruzzesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8163-3130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Candela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costanza","family":"Bertoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Trentacapilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Francesca","family":"Lucente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Castagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2673-2731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Nozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1159\/000322101","article-title":"Orthopox Viruses: Infections in Humans","volume":"37","author":"Pauli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transfus. 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