{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:01:59Z","timestamp":1787029319252,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UNAM, DGAPA\/PAPIIT","award":["IN221121 2021-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN221121 2021-2023"]}]},{"name":"UNAM, DGAPA\/PAPIIT","award":["FM\/DI\/004\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FM\/DI\/004\/2023"]}]},{"name":"UNAM, DGAPA\/PAPIIT","award":["FM\/DI\/78\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FM\/DI\/78\/2020"]}]},{"name":"UNAM, DGAPA\/PAPIIT","award":["FM\/DI\/001\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FM\/DI\/001\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"Facultad de Medicina, UNAM,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN221121 2021-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN221121 2021-2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"Facultad de Medicina, UNAM,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FM\/DI\/004\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FM\/DI\/004\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"Facultad de Medicina, UNAM,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FM\/DI\/78\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FM\/DI\/78\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"Facultad de Medicina, UNAM,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FM\/DI\/001\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FM\/DI\/001\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Symptoms in the acute phase of Chagas disease are usually mild and nonspecific. However, after several years, severe complications like dilated heart failure and even death may arise in the chronic phase. Due to the lack of specific symptoms in the acute phase, the aim of this work was to describe and analyze the cardiac histopathology during this phase in a CD1 mouse model by assessing parasitism, fibrotic damage, and the presence and composition of a cellular infiltrate, to determine its involvement in the pathogenesis of lesions in the cardiac tissue. Our results indicate that the acute phase lasts about 62 days post-infection (dpi). A significant increase in parasitemia was observed since 15 dpi, reaching a maximum at 33 dpi (4.1 \u00d7 106). The presence of amastigote nests was observed at 15\u201362 dpi, with a maximum count of 27 nests at 35 dpi. An infiltrate consisting primarily of macrophages and neutrophils was found in the cardiac tissue within the first 30 days, but the abundance of lymphocytes showed an 8 \u2265 fold increase at 40\u201362 dpi. Unifocal interstitial fibrosis was identified after 9 dpi, which subsequently showed a 16 \u2265 fold increase at 40\u201360 dpi, along with a 50% mortality rate in the model under study. The increased area of fibrotic lesions revealed progression in the extent of fibrosis, mainly at 50\u201362 dpi. The presence of perivasculitis and thrombus circulation disorders was seen in the last days (62 dpi); finally, cases of myocytolysis were observed at 50 and 62 dpi. These histopathological alterations, combined with collagen deposition, seem to lead to the development of interstitial fibrosis and damage to the cardiac tissue during the acute phase of infection. This study provides a more complete understanding of the patterns of histopathological abnormalities involved in the acute phase, which could help the development of new therapies to aid the preclinical tests of drugs for their application in Chagas disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12091084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T01:56:57Z","timestamp":1693187817000},"page":"1084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Main Cardiac Histopathologic Alterations in the Acute Phase of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in a Murine Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9192-7412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana C.","family":"de Alba Alvarado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8829-9777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elia","family":"Torres Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8639-2612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"Cabrera Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5603-4072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Zenteno Galindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Villarreal Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, Secretaria General, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paz Mar\u00eda","family":"Salazar Schettino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha Irene","family":"Bucio Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761909000200008","article-title":"Nova tripanozomiaze humana: Estudos sobre a morfolojia e o ciclo evolutivo do Schizotrypanum cruzi n. gen., n. sp., ajente etiolojico de nova entidade morbida do homem","volume":"1","author":"Chagas","year":"1909","journal-title":"Mem. 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