{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T10:19:11Z","timestamp":1784715551135,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["150712\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["150712\/2022-7"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["88887.463868\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.463868\/2019-00"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["150712\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["150712\/2022-7"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["88887.463868\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.463868\/2019-00"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aminoglycoside antimicrobials remain valuable therapeutic options, but their effectiveness has been threatened by the production of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA methyltransferases (16S-RMTases). In this study, we evaluated the genomic epidemiology of 16S-RMTase genes among Gram-negative bacteria circulating in the American continent. A total of 4877 16S-RMTase sequences were identified mainly in Enterobacterales and nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli isolated from humans, animals, foods, and the environment during 1931\u20132023. Most of the sequences identified were found in the United States, Brazil, Canada, and Mexico, and the prevalence of 16S-RMTase genes have increased in the last five years (2018\u20132022). The three species most frequently carrying 16S-RMTase genes were Acinetobacter\u00a0baummannii, Klebsiella\u00a0pneumoniae, and Escherichia\u00a0coli. The armA gene was the most prevalent, but other 16S-RMTase genes (e.g., rmtB, rmtE, and rmtF) could be emerging backstage. More than 90% of 16S-RMTase sequences in the Americas were found in North American countries, and although the 16S-RMTase genes were less prevalent in Central and South American countries, these findings may be underestimations due to limited genomic data. Therefore, whole-genome sequence-based studies focusing on aminoglycoside resistance using a One Health approach in low- and middle-income countries should be encouraged.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12091164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T02:54:13Z","timestamp":1694746453000},"page":"1164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["One Health Spread of 16S Ribosomal RNA Methyltransferase-Harboring Gram-Negative Bacterial Genomes: An Overview of the Americas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4725-0125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio Parra","family":"Sellera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Metropolitan University of Santos, Santos 11065-402, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2845-4330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danny","family":"Fuentes-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Chill\u00e1n 3780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2516-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro Rueda","family":"Furlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: A systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2021.10.020","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in microbes: History, mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future prospects","volume":"14","author":"Uddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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