{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T07:56:08Z","timestamp":1789199768313,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":251,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French government\u2019s \u201cInvestissements d\u2019Avenir\u201d programme","award":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ticks are a significant group of arthropod vectors that transmit a large variety of pathogens responsible for human and animal diseases worldwide. Ticks are the second biggest transmitters of vector-borne diseases, behind mosquitoes. However, in West Africa, there is often only limited knowledge of tick-borne diseases. With the scarcity of appropriate diagnostic services, the prevalence of tick-borne diseases is generally underestimated in humans. In this review, we provide an update on tick-borne pathogens reported in people, animals and ticks in West Africa by microscopic, immunological and molecular methods. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar. The selection criteria included all studies conducted in West Africa reporting the presence of Rickettsia, Borrelia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Bartonella, Coxiella burnetii, Theileria, Babesia, Hepatozoon and Crimean\u2013Congo haemorrhagic fever viruses in humans, animals or ticks. Our intention is to raise awareness of tick-borne diseases amongst human and animal health workers in West Africa, and also physicians working with tourists who have travelled to the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12111276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T11:34:47Z","timestamp":1698147287000},"page":"1276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Tick-Borne Diseases of Humans and Animals in West Africa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5476-9590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adama Zan","family":"Diarra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7836-6809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Davoust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Parola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Walker, A.R., Bouattour, A., Camicas, J.L., Estrada-Pe\u00f1a, A., Horak, I.G., Latif, A.A., Pegram, R.G., and Preston, P.M. (2003). 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