{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:22:58Z","timestamp":1790140978683,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES), Brazil"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) are highly vulnerable to anal sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Objectives\u2014to evaluate the prevalence of anal STIs among MSM and TGW attending a referral clinic for anal cancer prevention. Methods\u2014MSM and TGW attending a medical visit for high-resolution anoscopy in Salvador, Brazil, from February 2021 to June 2022 were screened for HPV, gonorrhea, and chlamydial infection by PCR of anal swab and by serum VDRL titration for syphilis screening. They also responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behavior. Results\u2014we evaluated 141 participants: 117 (82.9%) MSM, 9 (6.4%) bisexual men (BSM), and 15 (10.6%) TGW. Most (111\/141, 78.7%) were older than 30 years, 89 (63.1%) had over 12 years of education, and 124 (87.9%) had a family income of up to five minimum wages. At least one STI was detected in 112 (79.4%) of the participants (86.7% among TGW). HIV infection was detected in 102 (72.3%) participants; HIV frequency was higher in BSM (7\/9, 88.9%) and in MSM (89\/116, 76.1%) than in TGW (5\/15, 33.3%). A lower income (p = 0.004) was predictive of anal STIs, while syphilis was significantly more frequent among participants with HIV (29.1% vs. 5,3%, for HIV positive and negative, respectively, p = 0.002). Presenting at least one active STI was also associated with having had group sex in the last year (p = 0.03) and with use of sexualized drugs (p = 0.02). Conclusions\u2014MSM and TGW present a high vulnerability to anal STIs. Number of sexual partners, use of sexualized drugs, and lower income are predictive of a higher risk of acquiring an STI in such populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12111297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T12:07:45Z","timestamp":1698667665000},"page":"1297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["High Prevalence of Anal Sexually Transmitted Infections among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women Attending a Clinic for Prevention of Anal Cancer in Salvador, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ivana","family":"Luz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Bahiana de Infectologia, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina e Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eda","family":"Vinhaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Bahiana de Infectologia, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos, UFBA-EBSERH, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Gabriela","family":"Travassos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual da Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1062-7179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estela","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Bahiana de Infectologia, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina e Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-6761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Martins","family":"Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Bahiana de Infectologia, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina e Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4673-6991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Brites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Bahiana de Infectologia, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos, UFBA-EBSERH, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S319","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000233","article-title":"Enhancing benefits or increasing harms: Community responses for HIV among men who have sex with men, transgender women, female sex workers, and people who inject drugs","volume":"66","author":"Baral","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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