{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:19:44Z","timestamp":1791483584037,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac-targeted transgene delivery offers new treatment opportunities for cardiovascular diseases, which massively contribute to global mortality. Restricted gene transfer to cardiac tissue might protect extracardiac organs from potential side-effects. This could be mediated by using cis-regulatory elements, including promoters and enhancers that act on the transcriptional level. Here, we discuss examples of tissue-specific promoters for targeted transcription in myocytes, cardiomyocytes, and chamber-specific cardiomyocytes. Some promotors are induced at pathological states, suggesting a potential use as \u201cinduction-by-disease switches\u201d in gene therapy. Recent developments have resulted in the identification of novel enhancer-elements that could further pave the way for future refinement of transcriptional targeting, for example, into the cardiac conduction system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12111301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T12:07:45Z","timestamp":1698667665000},"page":"1301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Transcriptional Targeting Approaches in Cardiac Gene Transfer Using AAV Vectors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lena C.","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derk","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8223-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver J.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg\/Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2021.07.012","article-title":"Translation of New and Emerging Therapies for Genetic Cardiomyopathies","volume":"7","author":"Helms","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl. 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