{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T12:30:26Z","timestamp":1776515426432,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]],"date-time":"2023-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment, Nature, and Digitalisation (MELUND)","award":["491094227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491094227"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","award":["491094227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491094227"]}]},{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation","award":["491094227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491094227"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the northernmost German federal state Schleswig-Holstein, populations of European brown hares (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778) show diverse densities and varying courses over the years. To examine differences in pathomorphological findings and infectious diseases as possible reasons for varying population dynamics, we assessed 155 hunted hares from three locations in Schleswig-Holstein from 2016 to 2020. We investigated the association of location, year, age, and sex of animals to certain pathomorphological findings and infectious diseases. Frequent pathomorphological findings were intestinal parasites (63.9%), hepatitis (55.5%), nephritis (31.0%), steatitis (23.2%), enteritis (13.5%), and pneumonia (5.2%). Body condition differed significantly between locations, and the prevalence of pneumonia was significantly higher in females. Enteritis was not detected in 2019, when much more juveniles were sampled. Hepatitis and nephritis occurred significantly more often in 2016 and among adults. Additionally, more adults showed hepatitis with concurrent serotitre for European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV), while intestinal parasitosis as well as high excretion rates of coccidia were more common in juveniles. Sampled animals showed high infection rates with Eimeria spp. (96.1%), Trichostrongylus spp. (52.0%), Graphidium strigosum (41.2%), and a high seroprevalence (90.9%) for EBHSV, without severe symptoms. This study revealed a low prevalence of infectious pathogens, but a high prevalence of chronic inflammations of unknown origin in the tested brown hare populations. Overall, our results indicate a rather minor importance of infectious diseases for observed population dynamics of analysed hare populations in Schleswig-Holstein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12111317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]],"date-time":"2023-11-05T07:35:06Z","timestamp":1699169706000},"page":"1317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pathomorphological Findings and Infectious Diseases in Selected European Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778) Populations from Schleswig-Holstein, Germany"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marcus","family":"Faehndrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benno","family":"Woelfing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5347-0407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana C.","family":"Klink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Roller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8151-5644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Baumg\u00e4rtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9184-4134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Wohlsein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Raue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9093-1006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Strube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6167-1340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christa","family":"Ewers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7965-1345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Prenger-Berninghoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jutta","family":"Verspohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7646-3592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Lavazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1830-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Capucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6657-833X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herbert","family":"Tomaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut\u2014Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2556-3948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ursula","family":"Siebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Smith, A.T., Johnston, C.H., Alves, P.C., and Hackl\u00e4nder, K. 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