{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:40:13Z","timestamp":1760150413061,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology of Pernambuco","award":["APQ 0024.4.00\/13","PAPB Aux. 23038.005276\/2011-3","400331\/2012-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ 0024.4.00\/13","PAPB Aux. 23038.005276\/2011-3","400331\/2012-8"]}]},{"name":"Coordination of Improvement of High Education","award":["APQ 0024.4.00\/13","PAPB Aux. 23038.005276\/2011-3","400331\/2012-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ 0024.4.00\/13","PAPB Aux. 23038.005276\/2011-3","400331\/2012-8"]}]},{"name":"National Conseil of Scientific Development and Technology","award":["APQ 0024.4.00\/13","PAPB Aux. 23038.005276\/2011-3","400331\/2012-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ 0024.4.00\/13","PAPB Aux. 23038.005276\/2011-3","400331\/2012-8"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust","award":["APQ 0024.4.00\/13","PAPB Aux. 23038.005276\/2011-3","400331\/2012-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ 0024.4.00\/13","PAPB Aux. 23038.005276\/2011-3","400331\/2012-8"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Human and wild rodent infection rates with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis are needed to differentiate transmission pathways in anthropogenically altered habitats. Methods. Human participants in northeast Brazil were tested by the leishmanin skin test (LST) and inspected for lesions\/scars characteristic of American clinical leishmaniasis (ACL). Molecular (PCR\/qPCR) test records of free-ranging rodents were available from a concurrent capture\u2013mark\u2013recapture study. Force of Infection (\u03bb) and recovery (\u03c1) rates were estimated from cross-sectional and longitudinal datasets. Results. Cumulative prevalences of human LST+ves and ACL scar+ves were 0.343\u20130.563 (n = 503 participants) and 0.122\u20130.475 (n = 503), respectively. Active ACL lesions were not detected. Annual rates of LST conversions were \u03bb = 0.03\u20130.15 and \u03c1 = 0.02\u20130.07. The probability of infection was independent of sex and associated with increasing age in addition to the period of exposure. Rodents (n = 596 individuals of 6 species) showed high rates of exclusively asymptomatic infection (\u03bb = 0.222\/month) and potential infectiousness to the sand fly vector. Spatially concurrent rodent and household human infection prevalences were correlated. Conclusions. Human exposure to L. (V.) braziliensis continues to be high despite the substantial drop in reported ACL cases in recent years. Spill-over transmission risk to humans from rodents in peridomestic habitats is likely supported by a rodent infection\/transmission corridor linking houses, plantations, and the Atlantic Forest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12121395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T06:45:35Z","timestamp":1701153935000},"page":"1395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Incidence of Human and Free-Ranging Wild Rodent Infections with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, Aetiological Agent of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0188-6929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orin","family":"Courtenay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV8 2PB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 F.","family":"Marinho-J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Immunology, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es\/FIOCRUZ, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Edileuza F.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Immunology, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es\/FIOCRUZ, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana F. C. L. S.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Immunology, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es\/FIOCRUZ, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 03001-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sinval P.","family":"Brand\u00e3o-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Immunology, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es\/FIOCRUZ, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31204-2","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"392","author":"Burza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrade, M.S., Courtenay, O., Brito, M.E.F., Carvalho, F.G., Carvalho, A.W.S., Soares, F., Carvalho, S.M., Costa, P.L., Zampieri, R., and Floeter-Winter, L.M. 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