{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T13:18:16Z","timestamp":1782739096243,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center\/NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43TW001140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW001140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center\/NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AI116456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI116456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center\/NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI129909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI129909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases\/NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43TW001140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW001140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases\/NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AI116456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI116456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases\/NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI129909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI129909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurocysticercosis (NCC), the infection of the central nervous system caused by Taenia solium larvae (cysticerci), is a major cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide. Calcification in NCC is the most common neuroimaging finding among individuals with epilepsy in T. solium-endemic areas. We describe the demographic, clinical, and radiological profiles of a large hospital cohort of patients with calcified NCC in Peru (during the period 2012\u20132022) and compared profiles between patients with and without a previous known diagnosis of viable infection. A total of 524 patients were enrolled (mean age at enrollment: 40.2 \u00b1 15.2 years, mean age at symptom onset: 29.1 \u00b1 16.1 years, 56.3% women). Of those, 415 patients (79.2%) had previous seizures (median time with seizures: 5 years, interquartile range (IQR): 2\u201313 years; median number of seizures: 7 (IQR: 3\u201332)), of which 333 (80.2%) had predominantly focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures; and 358 (68.3%) used antiseizure medication). Patients had a median number of three calcifications (IQR: 1\u20137), mostly located in the frontal lobes (79%). In 282 patients (53.8%) there was a previous diagnosis of viable infection, while 242 only had evidence of calcified NCC since their initial neuroimaging. Most patients previously diagnosed with viable infection were male, had previous seizures, had seizures for a longer time, had more calcifications, and had a history of taeniasis more frequently than patients without previously diagnosed viable infection (all p &lt; 0.05). Patients with calcified NCC were heterogeneous regarding burden of infection and clinical manifestations, and individuals who were diagnosed after parasites calcified presented with milder disease manifestations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13010026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T10:23:54Z","timestamp":1703672634000},"page":"26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Calcified Neurocysticercosis: Demographic, Clinical, and Radiological Characteristics of a Large Hospital-Based Patient Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5797-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier A.","family":"Bustos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15202, Peru"},{"name":"Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima 15030, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8743-5012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15202, Peru"},{"name":"Direccion de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1917-8805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar H.","family":"Del Brutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Research Center, Universidad Espiritu Santo-Ecuador, Samborondon 092301, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isidro","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima 15030, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Saavedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima 15030, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15202, Peru"},{"name":"Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima 15030, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6101-1286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia S.","family":"Sanchez-Boluarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15202, Peru"},{"name":"Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima 15030, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran T.","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center\/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Coyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4782-3368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seth E.","family":"O\u2019Neal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima 15030, Peru"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector H.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15202, Peru"},{"name":"Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima 15030, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2021.03.003","article-title":"Taenia solium taeniasis\/cysticercosis: From parasite biology and immunology to diagnosis and control","volume":"112","author":"Dixon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. 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