{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:56:39Z","timestamp":1792155399286,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (IPN), Secretaria de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado (SIP)","award":["20230257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230257"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is associated with higher mortality rates in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In Mexico, the number of deaths due to TB among the HIV-positive population has tripled in recent years. Methods: Ninety-three Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from the same number of HIV-infected patients treated in a public hospital in Mexico City were studied to determine the drug resistance to first- and second-line anti-TB drugs and to identify the mutations associated with the resistance. Results: Of the 93 patients, 82.7% were new TB cases, 86% were male, and 73% had extrapulmonary TB. Most patients (94%) with a CD4 T-lymphocyte count &lt;350 cells\/mm3 were associated with extrapulmonary TB (p &lt;0.0001), whilst most patients (78%) with a CD4 T-lymphocyte count &gt;350 cells\/mm3 were associated with pulmonary TB (p = 0.0011). Eighty-two strains were pan-susceptible, four mono-resistant, four poly-resistant, two multidrug-resistant, and one was extensively drug-resistant. In the rifampicin-resistant strains, rpoB S531L was the mutation most frequently identified, whereas the inhA C15T and katG S315T1 mutations were present in isoniazid-resistant strains. The extensively drug-resistant strain also contained the mutation gyrA D94A. Conclusions: These data highlight the need to promptly diagnose the drug resistance of M. tuberculosis among all HIV-infected patients by systematically offering access to first- and second-line drug susceptibility testing and to tailor the treatment regimen based on the resistance patterns to reduce the number of deaths in HIV-infected patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13020098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T08:28:28Z","timestamp":1705998508000},"page":"98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Phenotypic and Genotypic Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Isolated from HIV-Infected Patients from a Third-Level Public Hospital in Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7436-3782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Valencia-Trujillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretar\u00eda de la Defensa Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Marineth","family":"Avila-Trejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioqu\u00edmica Farmacol\u00f3gica, Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8399-6899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo Liliana","family":"Garc\u00eda-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Narv\u00e1ez-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0563-7065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Alberto","family":"M\u00fajica-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6715-9671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Addy Cecilia","family":"Helguera-Repetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1339-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Becerril-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1811-4511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica Maribel","family":"Mata-Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretar\u00eda de la Defensa Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Rivera-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4350-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Francisco","family":"Cerna-Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2023). 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