{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T04:17:50Z","timestamp":1782793070828,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UBACyT to M. Radice","award":["20020190100031BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020190100031BA"]}]},{"name":"UBACyT to M. Radice","award":["20020170100473BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020170100473BA"]}]},{"name":"UBACyT to M. Radice","award":["20020170100072BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020170100072BA"]}]},{"name":"UBACyT to M. Radice","award":["11220200102425CO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11220200102425CO"]}]},{"name":"UBACyT to M. Radice","award":["PICT-2021-GRFTII 00309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2021-GRFTII 00309"]}]},{"name":"G. Gutkind","award":["20020190100031BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020190100031BA"]}]},{"name":"G. Gutkind","award":["20020170100473BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020170100473BA"]}]},{"name":"G. Gutkind","award":["20020170100072BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020170100072BA"]}]},{"name":"G. Gutkind","award":["11220200102425CO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11220200102425CO"]}]},{"name":"G. Gutkind","award":["PICT-2021-GRFTII 00309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2021-GRFTII 00309"]}]},{"name":"P. Power","award":["20020190100031BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020190100031BA"]}]},{"name":"P. Power","award":["20020170100473BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020170100473BA"]}]},{"name":"P. Power","award":["20020170100072BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020170100072BA"]}]},{"name":"P. Power","award":["11220200102425CO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11220200102425CO"]}]},{"name":"P. Power","award":["PICT-2021-GRFTII 00309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2021-GRFTII 00309"]}]},{"name":"PIP to M. Radice","award":["20020190100031BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020190100031BA"]}]},{"name":"PIP to M. Radice","award":["20020170100473BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020170100473BA"]}]},{"name":"PIP to M. Radice","award":["20020170100072BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020170100072BA"]}]},{"name":"PIP to M. Radice","award":["11220200102425CO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11220200102425CO"]}]},{"name":"PIP to M. Radice","award":["PICT-2021-GRFTII 00309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2021-GRFTII 00309"]}]},{"name":"M. Radice. G. Gutkind, P. Power, and M. Papalia","award":["20020190100031BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020190100031BA"]}]},{"name":"M. Radice. G. Gutkind, P. Power, and M. Papalia","award":["20020170100473BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020170100473BA"]}]},{"name":"M. Radice. G. Gutkind, P. Power, and M. Papalia","award":["20020170100072BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020170100072BA"]}]},{"name":"M. Radice. G. Gutkind, P. Power, and M. Papalia","award":["11220200102425CO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11220200102425CO"]}]},{"name":"M. Radice. G. Gutkind, P. Power, and M. Papalia","award":["PICT-2021-GRFTII 00309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2021-GRFTII 00309"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Achromobacter spp. are intrinsically resistant to multiple antibiotics and can also acquire resistance to those commonly used for the treatment of respiratory infections, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis. The aim of this study was to perform the genetic and biochemical characterization of AXC-2 from A. ruhlandii and to analyze all available AXC variants. Steady-state kinetic parameters were determined on a purified AXC-2 enzyme. It exhibited higher catalytic efficiencies towards amino-penicillins and older cephalosporins, while carbapenems behaved as poor substrates. Phylogenetic analysis of all blaAXC variants available in the NCBI was conducted. AXC was encoded in almost all A. ruhlandii genomes, whereas it was only found in 30% of A. xylosoxidans. AXC-1 was prevalent among A. xylosoxidans. AXC variants were clustered in two main groups, correlating with the Achromobacter species. No association could be established between the presence of blaAXC variants and a specific lineage of A. xylosoxidans; however, a proportion of AXC-1-producing isolates corresponded to ST 182 and ST 447. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the genetic context and kinetic properties of AXC-2, identified in A. ruhlandii. It also provides a thorough description of all AXC variants and their association with Achromobacter species and various lineages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13020115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T04:57:07Z","timestamp":1706504227000},"page":"115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of AXC-2 from Achromobacter ruhlandii"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6439-2766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Papalia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriolog\u00eda y Virolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Jun\u00edn 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8190-1411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriolog\u00eda y Virolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Jun\u00edn 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima Quiroga","family":"Castedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriolog\u00eda y Virolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Jun\u00edn 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1999-9785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Gutkind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriolog\u00eda y Virolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Jun\u00edn 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9904-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Soledad","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriolog\u00eda y Virolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Jun\u00edn 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Radice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriolog\u00eda y Virolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Jun\u00edn 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5607","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004332","article-title":"List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ","volume":"70","author":"Parte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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