{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:19:27Z","timestamp":1789067967415,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CINVESTAV-IPN","award":["074 SEP-CINVESTAV"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["074 SEP-CINVESTAV"]}]},{"name":"CINVESTAV-IPN","award":["INFR-2016 269657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFR-2016 269657"]}]},{"name":"UNESCO-Equatorial Guinea International Prize for Research in Life Sciences 2012","award":["074 SEP-CINVESTAV"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["074 SEP-CINVESTAV"]}]},{"name":"UNESCO-Equatorial Guinea International Prize for Research in Life Sciences 2012","award":["INFR-2016 269657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFR-2016 269657"]}]},{"name":"Premio para las Mujeres en la Ciencia L\u2019Oreal-UNESCO-AMC-CONALMEX 2023","award":["074 SEP-CINVESTAV"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["074 SEP-CINVESTAV"]}]},{"name":"Premio para las Mujeres en la Ciencia L\u2019Oreal-UNESCO-AMC-CONALMEX 2023","award":["INFR-2016 269657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFR-2016 269657"]}]},{"name":"CONACYT","award":["074 SEP-CINVESTAV"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["074 SEP-CINVESTAV"]}]},{"name":"CONACYT","award":["INFR-2016 269657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INFR-2016 269657"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, the most prevalent nonviral, neglected sexually transmitted disease worldwide. T. vaginalis has one of the largest degradomes among unicellular parasites. Cysteine peptidases (CPs) are the most abundant peptidases, constituting 50% of the degradome. Some CPs are virulence factors recognized by antibodies in trichomoniasis patient sera, and a few are found in vaginal secretions that show fluctuations in glucose concentrations during infection. The CPs of clan CD in T. vaginalis include 10 genes encoding legumain-like peptidases of the C13 family. TvLEGU-2 is one of them and has been identified in multiple proteomes, including the immunoproteome obtained with Tv (+) patient sera. Thus, our goals were to assess the effect of glucose on TvLEGU-2 expression, localization, and in vitro secretion and determine whether TvLEGU-2 is expressed during trichomonal infection. We performed qRT-PCR assays using parasites grown under different glucose conditions. We also generated a specific anti-TvLEGU-2 antibody against a synthetic peptide of the most divergent region of this CP and used it in Western blot (WB) and immunolocalization assays. Additionally, we cloned and expressed the tvlegu-2 gene (TVAG_385340), purified the recombinant TvLEGU-2 protein, and used it as an antigen for immunogenicity assays to test human sera from patients with vaginitis. Our results show that glucose does not affect tvlegu-2 expression but does affect localization in different parasite organelles, such as the plasma membrane, Golgi complex, hydrogenosomes, lysosomes, and secretion vesicles. TvLEGU-2 is secreted in vitro, is present in vaginal secretions, and is immunogenic in sera from Tv (+) patients, suggesting its relevance during trichomonal infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13020119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T04:57:07Z","timestamp":1706504227000},"page":"119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trichomonas vaginalis Legumain-2, TvLEGU-2, Is an Immunogenic Cysteine Peptidase Expressed during Trichomonal Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Esly Alejandra","family":"Euceda-Padilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infect\u00f3mica y Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero (GAM), Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam Guadalupe","family":"Mateo-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infect\u00f3mica y Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero (GAM), Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leticia","family":"\u00c1vila-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infect\u00f3mica y Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero (GAM), Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9662-2428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia Ivonne","family":"Flores-Pucheta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Bioingenier\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero (GAM), Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9136-9994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Ortega-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Bioingenier\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero (GAM), Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Talam\u00e1s-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Microscop\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica, Laboratorios Nacionales De Servicios Experimentales (LaNSE), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero (GAM), Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Velazquez-Valassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Vigilancia Epidemiol\u00f3gica, Hospital General de M\u00e9xico \u201cEduardo Liceaga\u201d, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Jasso-Villazul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General de M\u00e9xico \u201cEduardo Liceaga\u201d, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8193-9700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossana","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infect\u00f3mica y Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero (GAM), Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486","article-title":"Chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis: Global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016","volume":"97","author":"Rowley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.005124","article-title":"Trichomoniasis: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management","volume":"80","author":"Swygard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. 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