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While 100% of T. crassiceps-infected IL-4R\u03b1+\/+ (WT) mice harbored large parasite loads, more than 50% of th eIL-4R\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212 mice resolved the infection. Approximately 88% of the LysMcreIL-4R\u03b1\u2212\/lox mice displayed a sterilizing immunity to the infection. The remaining few infected cre\/LoxP mice displayed the lowest number of larvae in their peritoneal cavity. The inability of the WT mice to control the infection was associated with antigen-specific Th2-type responses with higher levels of IgG1, IL-4, IL-13, and total IgE, reduced NO production, and increased arginase activity. In contrast, IL-4R\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212 semi-resistant mice showed a Th1\/Th2 combined response. Furthermore, macrophages from the WT mice displayed higher transcripts for Arginase-1 and RELM-\u03b1, as well as increased expression of PD-L2 with robust suppressive activity over anti-CD3\/CD28 stimulated T cells; all of these features are associated with the AAM or M2 macrophage phenotype. In contrast, both the IL-4R\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212 and LysMcreIL-4R\u03b1\u2212\/lox mice did not fully develop AAM or display suppressive activity over CD3\/CD28 stimulated T cells, reducing PDL2 expression. Additionally, T-CD8+ but no T-CD4+ cells showed a suppressive phenotype with increased Tim-3 and PD1 expression in WT and IL-4R\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212, which were absent in T. crassiceps-infected LysMcreIL-4R\u03b1\u2212\/lox mice. These findings demonstrate a critical role for the IL-4 signaling pathway in sustaining AAM and its suppressive activity during cysticercosis, suggesting a pivotal role for AAM in favoring susceptibility to T. crassiceps infection. Thus, the absence of these suppressor cells is one of the leading mechanisms to control experimental cysticercosis successfully.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13020169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T04:18:22Z","timestamp":1707884302000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Myeloid-Specific Lack of IL-4R\u03b1 Prevents the Development of Alternatively Activated Macrophages and Enhances Immunity to Experimental Cysticercosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jonadab E.","family":"Olgu\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Cr\u00f3nico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmundo","family":"Corano-Arredondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Cr\u00f3nico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Cr\u00f3nico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irma","family":"Rivera-Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5895-1648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario A.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itzel","family":"Medina-Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Hudinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berenice","family":"Arendse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Brombacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4649-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis I.","family":"Terrazas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagn\u00f3stico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Cr\u00f3nico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"},{"name":"Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"F1000 Faculty Rev-1685","article-title":"Helminth parasites and immune regulation","volume":"7","author":"Nutman","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.07.007","article-title":"Regulation of the host immune system by helminth parasites","volume":"138","author":"Maizels","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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