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Importantly, highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) may cause human infections with exceptionally high mortality. Because these latter infections pose a pandemic potential, analyzing the ecology and evolution features of host expansion helps to identify new broad-range therapeutic strategies. Although IAVs are the prototypic example of molecular strategies that capitalize on their coding potential, the outcome of infection depends strictly on the complex interactions between viral and host cell factors. Most of the studies have focused on the influenza virus, while the contribution of host factors remains largely unknown. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of mammals\u2019 host response to AIV infection is crucial. This review sheds light on the involvement of the cellular cytoskeleton during the highly pathogenic AIV infection of mammalian hosts, allowing a better understanding of its modulatory role, which may be relevant to therapeutic interventions for fatal disease prevention and pandemic management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13030249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T04:47:05Z","timestamp":1710478025000},"page":"249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Avian Influenza A Viruses Modulate the Cellular Cytoskeleton during Infection of Mammalian Hosts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0493-2353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flora","family":"De Conto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2011.07.016","article-title":"The pathogenesis of influenza virus infections: The contributions of virus and host factors","volume":"23","author":"Fukuyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. 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