{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:36:50Z","timestamp":1787506610123,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)","award":["#72068719CA0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#72068719CA0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An epizootic of rift valley fever (RVF) was suspected on 21 February 2021 in various districts of Madagascar, with a lab confirmation on 1 April 2021. A cross-sectional survey aiming to detect cases of RVF in humans and to study the circulation of rift valley fever virus (RVFV) in animals was conducted from 22 April to 4 May 2021 in the district of Mananjary. Blood samples from cattle and humans were tested using serological and molecular techniques. In cattle, the circulation of RVFV was confirmed between 5 February and 4 May 2021. The positivity rates of anti-RVFV IgG and IgM were 60% and 40%, respectively. In humans, the circulation of RVFV was observed from 1 April to 5 May 2021. The positivity rate of RVFV was estimated to be 11.7% by combining the results of the molecular and serological approaches. Of the 103 individuals who agreed to participate in the survey, 3 were determined to be positive by RT-PCR, and 10 had anti-RVFV IgM. Among them, one was positive for both. Given that previous studies have reported the circulation of RVFV during inter-epidemic periods and the occurrence of outbreaks due to imported RVFV in Madagascar, our findings suggest the importance of strengthening RVF surveillance from a \u201cOne Health\u201d perspective by conducting syndromic and risk-based surveillance at the national and regional levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13030257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T05:14:07Z","timestamp":1710738847000},"page":"257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Re-Emergence of Rift Valley Fever in Mananjary District, Madagascar in 2021: A Call for Action"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6690-2945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aina Nirina","family":"Harimanana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology 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Fidy","family":"Ankasitrahana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Veille Sanitaire, de la Surveillance Epid\u00e9miologique et de la Riposte, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antso Hasina","family":"Raherinandrasana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Veille Sanitaire, de la Surveillance Epid\u00e9miologique et de la Riposte, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar"},{"name":"Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela Vololoniaina","family":"Andriamahatana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Veille Sanitaire, de la Surveillance Epid\u00e9miologique et de la Riposte, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4658-6372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Luciano","family":"Tantely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8084-7372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Girod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1931-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Dussart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101, 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