{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T05:44:36Z","timestamp":1785044676608,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A sharp rise in circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks in the years following the cessation of routine use of poliovirus type 2-containing oral polio vaccine and the trend of seeding new emergences with suboptimal vaccination response during the same time-period led to the accelerated development of the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2), a vaccine with enhanced genetic stability and lower likelihood of reversion to neuroparalytic variants compared to its Sabin counterpart. In November 2020, nOPV2 became the first vaccine to be granted an Emergency Use Listing (EUL) by the World Health Organization (WHO) Prequalification Team (PQT), allowing close to a billion doses to be used by countries within three years after its first rollout and leading to full licensure and WHO prequalification (PQ) in December 2023. The nOPV2 development process exemplifies how scientific advances and innovative tools can be applied to combat global health emergencies in an urgent and adaptive way, building on a collaborative effort among scientific, regulatory and implementation partners and policymakers across the globe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13040273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T12:40:11Z","timestamp":1711370411000},"page":"273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Novel Oral Polio Vaccine Type 2 Use for Polio Outbreak Response: A Global Effort for a Global Health Emergency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Feyrouz Damji","family":"Kurji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FDK Consulting, LLC, Watford WD17 1HP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8395-2001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ananda Sankar","family":"Bandyopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Zipursky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura V.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Gast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Toher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4685-4207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Clemens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Vaccine Institute IVI, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue Ann Costa","family":"Clemens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rayasam","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriansjah","family":"Azhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PT Bio Farma, Kota Bandung 40161, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay, A.S., Cooper, L.V., and Zipursky, S. 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