{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T17:24:11Z","timestamp":1773422651888,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]],"date-time":"2024-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coalition for Operational Research on Neglected Tropical Diseases (COR-NTD)","award":["OPP1190754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1190754"]}]},{"name":"the United States Agency for International Development","award":["OPP1190754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1190754"]}]},{"name":"African Research Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases","award":["OPP1190754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1190754"]}]},{"name":"the Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation Open Access Policy","award":["OPP1190754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1190754"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite several decades of mass drug administration and elimination-related activities, human onchocerciasis still represents a major parasitic threat in endemic regions. Among the challenges encountered by the elimination program is the lack of a suitable diagnostic tool that is accurate and non-invasive. Currently used methods are either invasive or not suitable for monitoring large numbers of patients. Herein, we describe the identification and characterization of Onchocerca volvulus heat shock protein 70 (OvHSP70) as a novel diagnostic biomarker for human onchocerciasis, which can directly be detected in urine samples of infected patients. This nematode-specific antigen was identified through LC-MS after differential SDS-PAGE using urine-derived protein extracts from O. volvulus-infected patients in Cameroon. Polyclonal antibodies generated in rabbits after cloning and expression of OvHSP70 in Escherichia coli reliably differentiated between urine samples from infected- and uninfected patients in a hypoendemic area of human onchocerciasis. These results provide an excellent basis for further development of a non-invasive and scalable diagnostic assay for human onchocerciasis using urine samples. Such a urine-based diagnostic assay will be of major importance for the elimination program of human onchcerciasis in endemic countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13040293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T13:39:37Z","timestamp":1711892377000},"page":"293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Identification and Characterization of Onchocerca volvulus Heat Shock Protein 70 (OvHSP70) as Novel Diagnostic Marker of Onchocerciasis in Human Urine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9695-7645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lum Abienwi","family":"Ambe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon"},{"name":"Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaounde P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Limunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8759-1234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clarisse Engowei","family":"Mbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaounde P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ngwewondo","family":"Adela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaounde P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ndumu","family":"Eric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Ngoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Sone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0377-395X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Lochnit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julius Babila","family":"Tachu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Wanji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon"},{"name":"Research Foundation in Tropical Disease and Environment (REFOTDE), Buea P.O. Box 474, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8649-1020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Taubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4550-8492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Hermosilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faustin","family":"Kamena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2019). Onchocerciasis Key Facts, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"CDC (2019). Parasites\u2014Onchocerciasis (Also Known as River Blindness) Epidemiology & Risk Factors."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"WHO (2022). Onchocerciasis, WHO."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"WHO (2021). Elimination of human onchocerciasis: Progress report, 2018\u20132019\u2014\u00c9limination de l\u2019onchocercose humaine: Rapport de situation, 2018\u20132019. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. = Relev. \u00c9pid\u00e9miol. Hebd., 94, 557\u2013567."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"WHO (2022). Weekly Epidemiological Record Relev\u00e9 \u00c9pid\u00e9miologique Hebdomadaire, WHO."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Yam\u00e9ogo, L., Lev\u00eaque, C., and Hougard, J.-M. 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