{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T22:20:01Z","timestamp":1774736401018,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases (INCT-DT)"},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology (MCTI\/CNPq\/CAPES\/FAPS)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), caused by Leishmania braziliensis, in recent decades has shown decreasing cure rates after treatment with meglumine antimoniate (MA). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine associated with epithelialization and healing processes. Methods: This study compares the effectiveness of G-CSF associated with MA in the treatment of CL. A total of 32 patients aged between 18 and 50 years with CL confirmed for L. braziliensis were included in this study. G-CSF or placebo (0.9% saline) was applied by intralesional infiltration at four equidistant points on the edges of the largest ulcer on days 0 and 15 of treatment associated with intravenous MA. Results: Males predominated in the G-CSF group (59%), while females predominated in the control group (53%). Injuries to the lower limbs predominated in both study groups. The cure rate in the G-CSF group was 65% and in the control group it was 47%, 90 days after initiation of therapy. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the association of G-CSF with MA is not superior to MA monotherapy. Although not significant, the potential benefit of this combination deserves further investigation. The use of higher doses or other routes of application of G-CSF in a greater number of patients should contribute to a definitive response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13040301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T06:57:34Z","timestamp":1712213854000},"page":"301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pentavalent Antimony Associated with G-CSF in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1046-0476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carvel","family":"Suprien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40026-010, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz H.","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Medicine School, Federal University of Rec\u00f4ncavo Bahia, Santo Ant\u00f4nio de Jesus 44380-000, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas P.","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40026-010, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institutes of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Immunology Service of the Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1894-6171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo R. L.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40026-010, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institutes of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Immunology Service of the Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0378","article-title":"Epidemiological and Clinical Changes in American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in an Area of Leishmania (Viannia) Braziliensis Transmission over a 20-Year Period","volume":"86","author":"Glesby","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. 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