{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:56:07Z","timestamp":1767207367189,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]],"date-time":"2024-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["311063\/2022-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311063\/2022-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["407965\/2021-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["407965\/2021-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rabies, one of the most lethal global zoonoses, affects all mammals. It remains circulating worldwide in sylvatic cycles through terrestrial and airborne reservoirs, and in Brazil, bats are currently the main reservoirs and source of transmission. Wild boars, an important invasive alien species in Brazil, are a proven food source for hematophagous bats and may participate in the Brazilian sylvatic cycle of rabies. We evaluated the presence of this pathogen in hunted wild boars from the S\u00e3o Paulo state using histopathology, the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFA), viral isolation in cell culture (VICC), the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT), and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results of histopathological, DFA, VICC, and RT-qPCR analysis were negative for all samples; seven serum samples tested positive in the RFFIT, and titers ranged from 0.13 IU\/mL to 0.5 IU\/mL. The presence of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies in the studied wild boars suggests the circulation of the virus in these animals. Educative actions directed at hunters should include information on the prevention of this important zoonosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13040303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T06:04:58Z","timestamp":1712556298000},"page":"303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Rabies Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Free-Ranging Invasive Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) from Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3896-7554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia Parreira","family":"Perin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Talita","family":"Turmina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen Andrea","family":"Arias-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan Silvestre","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8820-2624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edvia de Oliveira","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia de Oliveira","family":"Zolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6739-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talita Oliveira","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilson Junior","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3745-1094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willian de Oliveira","family":"Fahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Rabies Diagnosis, Pasteur Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 01311090, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin Correa","family":"Scheffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Rabies Diagnosis, Pasteur Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 01311090, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9230-6922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rene dos Santos","family":"Cunha Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Rabies Diagnosis, Pasteur Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 01311090, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Eduarda Rodrigues","family":"Chierato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Rabies Diagnosis, Pasteur Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 01311090, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5228-6424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enio","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Rabies Diagnosis, Pasteur Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 01311090, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artur Luiz de Almeida","family":"Felicio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Defense Coordination, Department of Agriculture and Supply of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo, Campinas 13070178, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Shin Iwamoto","family":"Haga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Defense Coordination, Department of Agriculture and Supply of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo, Campinas 13070178, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Carolina","family":"Guido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Defense Coordination, Department of Agriculture and Supply of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo, Campinas 13070178, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz Henrique","family":"Barrochelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Defense Coordination, Department of Agriculture and Supply of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo, Campinas 13070178, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Affonso dos Santos","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Defense Coordination, Department of Agriculture and Supply of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo, Campinas 13070178, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3958-7227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estevam Guilherme","family":"Lux Hoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Mustapha, A.I., Bamidele, F.O., Abubakar, A.T., Ibrahim, A., Oyewo, M., Abdulrahim, I., Yakub, J.M., Olanrewaju, I.A., Elelu, N., and Gibson, A. 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