{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T21:01:01Z","timestamp":1778706061527,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"COST Action","award":["CA21170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA21170"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Here, we described the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and Babesia species found in mono- and double infections among Ixodes ricinus ticks occurring in urban areas of the city of Pozna\u0144, Poland. We tested 1029 host-seeking ticks and 1268 engorged ticks removed from pet animals. Borrelia afzelii and B. garinii prevailed both in ticks from vegetation (3.7% and 3.7%, respectively) and from pets (3.7% and 0.6%, respectively). Babesia canis and Ba. microti were the most prevalent in host-seeking (2.6% and 1.4%, respectively) and feeding ticks (2.8% and 2.2%, respectively). Babesia microti sequences proved to be identical to the human pathogenic Ba. microti genotype \u201cJena\/Germany\u201d. Sequences of the rarest piroplasm Ba. venatorum (0.7%) were identical with those isolated from European patients. About 1.0% of tested ticks yielded dual infections; in host-seeking ticks, Ba. canis prevailed in co-infections with B. afzelii and B. garinii, whereas Ba. microti and B. afzelii dominated in double-infected feeding ticks. Dual infections, even with a low prevalence, pose a challenge for differential diagnosis in patients with acute febrile disease after a tick bite. The finding of Ba. canis in both tick groups suggests that I. ricinus could be involved in the circulation of this piroplasm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13040307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T03:07:48Z","timestamp":1712718468000},"page":"307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Co-Occurrence of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato and Babesia spp. DNA in Ixodes ricinus Ticks Collected from Vegetation and Pets in the City of Pozna\u0144, Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0255-0420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Liberska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4023-0196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerzy Franciszek","family":"Michalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Olechnowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5930-3346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslawa","family":"Dabert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2014.00251","article-title":"Ixodes ricinus and its transmitted pathogens in urban and peri-urban areas in Europe: New hazards and relevance for public health","volume":"2","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. 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