{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T18:21:51Z","timestamp":1781202111264,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008370","name":"National Pork Board Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#21-137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#21-137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008370","name":"National Pork Board Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-000064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-000064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008370","name":"National Pork Board Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0014664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0014664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation for Food and Agriculture Rapid Outcomes from Agriculture Research (ROAR)","award":["#21-137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#21-137"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Food and Agriculture Rapid Outcomes from Agriculture Research (ROAR)","award":["21-000064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-000064"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Food and Agriculture Rapid Outcomes from Agriculture Research (ROAR)","award":["DE-SC0014664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0014664"]}]},{"name":"Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC) Research Participation Program","award":["#21-137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#21-137"]}]},{"name":"Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC) Research Participation Program","award":["21-000064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-000064"]}]},{"name":"Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC) Research Participation Program","award":["DE-SC0014664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0014664"]}]},{"name":"ORAU","award":["#21-137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#21-137"]}]},{"name":"ORAU","award":["21-000064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-000064"]}]},{"name":"ORAU","award":["DE-SC0014664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0014664"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We have previously reported that the recombinant African Swine Fever (ASF) vaccine candidate ASFV-G-\u03949GL\/\u0394UK efficiently induces protection in domestic pigs challenged with the virulent strain Georgia 2010 (ASFV-G). As reported, ASFV-G-\u03949GL\/\u0394UK induces protection, while intramuscularly (IM), administered at doses of 104 HAD50 or higher, prevents ASF clinical disease in animals infected with the homologous ASFV g strain. Like other recombinant vaccine candidates obtained from ASFV field isolates, ASFV-G-\u03949GL\/\u0394UK stocks need to be produced in primary cultures of swine macrophages, which constitutes an important limitation in the production of large virus stocks at the industrial level. Here, we describe the development of ASFV-G-\u03949GL\/\u0394UK stocks using IPKM (Immortalized Porcine Kidney Macrophage) cells, which are derived from swine macrophages. We show that ten successive passages of ASFV-G-\u03949GL\/\u0394UK in IPKM cells induced small changes in the virus genome. The produced virus, ASFV-G-\u03949GL\/\u0394UKp10, presented a similar level of replication in swine macrophages cultures to that of the original ASFV-G-\u03949GL\/\u0394UK (ASFV-G-\u03949GL\/\u0394UKp0). The protective efficacy of ASFV-G-\u03949GL\/\u0394UKp10 was evaluated in pigs that were IM-inoculated with either 104 or 106 HAD50 of ASFV-G-\u03949GL\/\u0394UKp10. While animals inoculated with 104 HAD50 present a partial protection against the experimental infection with the virulent parental virus ASFV-G, those inoculated with 106 HAD50 were completely protected. Therefore, as was just recently reported for another ASF vaccine candidate, ASFV-G-\u0394I177L, IPKM cells are an effective alternative to produce stocks for vaccine strains which only grow in swine macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13040319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T08:08:12Z","timestamp":1713168492000},"page":"319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Recombinant Vaccine Strain ASFV-G-\u03949GL\/\u0394UK Produced in the IPKM Cell Line Is Genetically Stable and Efficacious in Inducing Protection in Pigs Challenged with the Virulent African Swine Fever Virus Field Isolate Georgia 2010"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Ramirez-Medina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayushi","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nallely","family":"Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7268-6580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Spinard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5155-1361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ediane","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0943-0461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leeanna","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Meyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Valladares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauro","family":"Velazquez-Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril G.","family":"Gay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7894-0233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas P.","family":"Gladue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel V.","family":"Borca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3018","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14341","article-title":"African swine fever in the Dominican Republic","volume":"68","author":"Gonzales","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transbound. 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