{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T18:09:33Z","timestamp":1788890973328,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"County Council of V\u00e4sterbotten, Sweden","award":["7003193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7003193"]}]},{"name":"Region \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland, King Gustav V 80-year Foundation","award":["7003193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7003193"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Rheumatism Association","award":["7003193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7003193"]}]},{"name":"Center for Clinical Research, Dalarna, Uppsala University","award":["7003193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7003193"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The presence of periodontal pathogens is associated with an increased prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The systemic antibody response to epitopes of these bacteria is often used as a proxy to study correlations between bacteria and RA. The primary aim of the present study is to examine the correlation between the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) in the oral cavity and serum antibodies against the leukotoxin (LtxA) produced by this bacterium. The salivary presence of Aa was analyzed with quantitative PCR and serum LtxA ab in a cell culture-based neutralization assay. The analyses were performed on samples from a well-characterized RA cohort (n = 189) and a reference population of blood donors (n = 101). Salivary Aa was present in 15% of the RA patients and 6% of the blood donors. LtxA ab were detected in 19% of RA-sera and in 16% of sera from blood donors. The correlation between salivary Aa and serum LtxA ab was surprisingly low (rho = 0.55 [95% CI: 0.40, 0.68]). The presence of salivary Aa showed no significant association with any of the RA-associated parameters documented in the cohort. A limitation of the present study is the relatively low number of individuals with detectable concentrations of Aa in saliva. Moreover, in the comparison of detectable Aa prevalence between RA patients and blood donors, we assumed that the two groups were equivalent in other Aa prognostic factors. These limitations must be taken into consideration when the result from the study is interpreted. We conclude that a systemic immune response to Aa LtxA does not fully reflect the prevalence of Aa in saliva. In addition, the association between RA-associated parameters and the presence of Aa was negligible in the present RA cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13050368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T10:33:36Z","timestamp":1714386816000},"page":"368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Presence and Immunoreactivity of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Sv\u00e4rd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, 791 82 Falun, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Link\u00f6ping University Hospital, 581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0672-8214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"LoMartire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, 791 82 Falun, Sweden"},{"name":"School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, 791 88 Falun, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klara","family":"Martinsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, 581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"\u00d6hman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontology, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alf","family":"Kastbom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Link\u00f6ping University Hospital, 581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, 581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8069-8263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontology, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224692","article-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases collection on autoantibodies in the rheumatic diseases: New insights into pathogenesis and the development of novel biomarkers","volume":"82","author":"Pisetsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. 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